Stres Kerja dan Keselamatan Pasien: Literature Review
Occupational Stress and Patient Safety: Literature Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Stres yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan adalah kondisi yang lazim dalam profesi keperawatan yang menjadi penyebab utama kesehatan dan keselamatan pada pasien. Stres kerja pada perawat merupakan masalah global dan nasional yang mesti menjadi perhatian guna menunjang proses asuhan keperawatan yang optimal sehingga aspek keselamatan pasien bisa terwujud.
Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi secara terstruktur dan memberi gambaran secara detail berbasis bukti terkini terkait dengan model stres yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan pada perawat dan keselamatan pasien di Rumah Sakit. Tujuan tersebut bisa tercapai dengan mengelola literatur review berdasarkan: Karakteristik stres kerja pada perawat, Faktor dukungan rekan kerja (Dokter, Perawat, Rekan lainnya), Faktor Beban Kerja, Karakteristik kondisi Pasien, Metode pengukuran tingkat stres, Faktor keselamatan pasien, dan Manajemen stres.
Metode: Kajian literatur menggunakan PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis). Adapun sumber literatur review yaitu berasal dari pencarian berbasis online melalui mesin pencarian google secara umum dengan memasukkan kata kunci jurnal bereputasi baik secara nasional maupun internasional, tetapi sebagian besar jurnal yang digunakan yaitu jurnal bereputasi internasional sebagai rujukan utama.
Hasil: Jurnal yang didapatkan sebagian besar berformat PDF yang didapatkan melalui jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Pubmed, Proquest, Google scholar, Science direct: Elsevier, BMC, Health Affairs, Oxford Academic, John Wiley & Sons serta sumber lainnya berupa Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Jumlah Artikel yang di peroleh sebanyak 205, Jumlah artikel yang layak dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi sebanyak 14. Sumber stres terdiri dari 8 (delapan) skala yaitu: kondisi pasien, konflik dengan dokter, lingkungan kerja, masalah dengan teman sebaya, masalah dengan pengawas, beban kerja, ketidakpastian tentang pengobatan, konflik dengan pasien atau keluarga pasien.
Kesimpulan: Stres kerja dikalangan perawat secara garis besar dan paling dominan dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan kerja, beban kerja, kondisi pasien dan perawat. Stres pada perawat dapat mendatangkan kerugian bagi suatu Rumah Sakit terkhusus pada pasien, karena dapat mengganggu proses asuhan keperawatan pada pasien dan pada akhirnya mempengaruhi keselamatan pasien. Adapun saran yang ditawarkan yaitu melakukan Manajemen pengelolaan stres yang komprehensif guna menunjang faktor keselamatan pasien.
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