Faktor Risiko Gangguan Otot dan Rangka (Gotrak) pada Tenaga Kesehatan : Sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka
Risk Factor for Musculoskeletal Disorder in Healthcare Worker: A Literature Review
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Prevalens gangguan otot dan rangka pada tenaga kesehatan sangat memprihatinkan. Secara khusus, tingginya prevalens cidera punggung merupakan masalah bagi tenaga kesehatan. Terjadinya masalah kesehatan ini berhubungan dengan beberapa faktor risiko.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berkaitan dengan gangguan otot dan rangka pada tenaga kesehatan.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan tinjauan pustaka dengan pendekatan PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses). Pencarian artikel melalui Science Direct dengan kata kunci “musculoskeletal disorder”, “healthcare workers”, “risk factor” dan “ergonomic” yang dipublikasikan dalam lima tahun terakhir yaitu mulai dari tahun 2019 sampai dengan tahun 2023 dengan ranking jurnal internasional Q1 dan Q2.
Hasil: Sebanyak 7.958 artikel ditemukan, namun hanya 16 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Terdapat dua artikel dengan desain penelitian eksperimental, tiga belas artikel dengan desain penelitian cross sectional, serta satu artikel dengan desain penelitian descriptive study. Faktor risiko yang berkaitan dengan gangguan otot dan rangka pada tenaga kesehatan antara lain faktor individu yaitu olahraga dan sosio demografi; faktor organisasi yaitu dukungan manajemen, shift kerja, jam kerja, tugas kerja dan lama kerja; faktor aktivitas kerja fisik yaitu postur, durasi, tekanan dan dimensi peralatan; faktor psikososial yaitu kepuasan kerja dan stress kerja; serta faktor lingkungan.
Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menjelaskan adanya pengaruh faktor risiko individu, lingkungan kerja, psikososial, aktivitas kerja fisik serta organisasi terhadap gangguan otot dan rangka pada tenaga kesehatan.
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