Efektivitas Edukasi Self-Care Terhadap Perilaku Manajemen Diri pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus di Wilayah Puskesmas Sukapura Jakarta
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit yang membutuhkan pengontrolan status metabolik untuk meminimalkan terjadinya komplikasi multi organ. Diperlukan edukasi yang terarah untuk meningkatkan perawatan diri dan indeks glikemik yang terkontrol. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas edukasi Self-care terhadap perilaku manajemen diri dan Gula Darah Sewaktu (GDS) pada pasien DM. Penelitian ini dilakukan bulan Juni-Juli 2020 diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Kelurahan Sukapura Jakarta. Desain penelitian adalah quasy eksperimental dengan pre-test dan post-test one group. Sampel dalam penelitian sebanyak 25 responden dipilih secara purposive sampling. Variabel GDS dan perilaku manajemen diri dinilai pada minggu 1 dan 4 dengan menggunakan kuesioner Diabetes Self-Management Instrument (DSMI). Berdasarkan uji Paired T-test ditemukan ada perbedaan bermakna pada perilaku manajemen diri sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi Self-care (p 0,000 < 0,05 ), namun, tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan bermakna pada GDS sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi Self-care (p 0,956 > 0,05). Berdasarkan uji multivariate ditemukan bahwa lamanya menderita DM dan kadar GDS sebelum intervensi berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap variabel GDS setelah intervensi (p<0.05), sedangkan variabel usia dan lamanya menderita DM berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap perilaku manajemen diri (p< 0.05). Edukasi Self-care merupakan program efektif untuk memperbaiki perilaku perawatan diri dan GDS sebagai kontrol glikemik. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya menerapkan edukasi Self-care secara berkelanjutan untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi pada pasien DM.
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