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Correction Retraction Policy
Correction and Retraction Policy
Protecting the accuracy, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record
The Journal of Public Health and Pharmacy is committed to maintaining an accurate and trustworthy scholarly record. When a material error or integrity concern is identified after publication, the journal may issue a correction, expression of concern, or retraction according to the nature, severity, and reliability of the available evidence. Cases are handled fairly, transparently, and in accordance with recognized publication-ethics procedures.
Correction
The findings remain substantially reliable
Expression of Concern
A serious investigation remains unresolved
Retraction
The findings are unreliable or seriously unethical
Corrections Policy
A correction is issued when an error affects the accuracy, clarity, attribution, or interpretation of a published article but does not invalidate its central findings or conclusions. Published content is not altered in a way that obscures the historical record.
1. Erratum
Issued for an error introduced by the journal or publisher during editing, layout, typesetting, production, or publication.
2. Corrigendum
Issued for an author-originated error that requires amendment but does not compromise the overall scientific integrity of the article.
Correction Procedure
1. Reporting
Authors, editors, reviewers, readers, institutions, or other parties may report a suspected error to the editorial office.
Authors, editors, reviewers, readers, institutions, or other parties may report a suspected error to the editorial office.
2. Assessment
The Editorial Board verifies the issue and evaluates its effect on the article, readers, and scholarly record.
The Editorial Board verifies the issue and evaluates its effect on the article, readers, and scholarly record.
3. Decision
The editor determines whether a formal correction is required and consults authors or relevant experts when necessary.
The editor determines whether a formal correction is required and consults authors or relevant experts when necessary.
4. Publication
A dated correction notice is published and linked to the original article. The article is updated where appropriate, with a clear statement describing the change.
A dated correction notice is published and linked to the original article. The article is updated where appropriate, with a clear statement describing the change.
Expression of Concern
The journal may publish an Expression of Concern when credible evidence raises serious doubt about an article but the investigation is incomplete, inconclusive, delayed, or dependent on findings from an institution or another authorized body. The notice remains linked to the article and is replaced or updated when a final outcome is reached.
Retraction Policy
Retraction is considered when a published article is unreliable, contains serious ethical violations, reports invalid findings, or presents a substantial risk of misleading readers. Retraction corrects the literature and is not used solely to punish authors.
Grounds for Retraction
1. Unreliable Findings
Fabrication, falsification, major error, or invalid analysis.
Fabrication, falsification, major error, or invalid analysis.
2. Publication Misconduct
Plagiarism, duplicate publication, or substantial redundant publication.
Plagiarism, duplicate publication, or substantial redundant publication.
3. Ethical Violations
Missing required ethical approval, invalid consent, or serious participant-protection failures.
Missing required ethical approval, invalid consent, or serious participant-protection failures.
4. Compromised Review
Manipulation or serious compromise of the peer review or editorial process.
Manipulation or serious compromise of the peer review or editorial process.
5. Unauthorized Material
Publication of material or data without required permission or lawful authorization.
Publication of material or data without required permission or lawful authorization.
6. Other Serious Breaches
Undisclosed conduct that materially damages the article’s reliability or integrity.
Undisclosed conduct that materially damages the article’s reliability or integrity.
Retraction Procedure
Investigation
The Editorial Board conducts an impartial assessment and may consult authors, reviewers, independent experts, institutions, ethics committees, or other competent bodies.
Author Response
Authors are informed of the concerns and given a reasonable opportunity to respond. Retraction may proceed when supported by evidence even if the authors disagree.
Decision
The Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board determine the appropriate action based on the available evidence and applicable publication-ethics guidance.
Notice
A retraction notice identifies the article, states the reason and responsible party where appropriate, and remains permanently linked to the original publication.
Status of a Retracted Article
The original article remains accessible to preserve the scholarly record but is clearly and permanently marked RETRACTED. Its online page, full text, and metadata are linked to the retraction notice. Removal is considered only in exceptional circumstances involving legal requirements, privacy, public safety, or serious risk of harm.
Governing Principles
Accuracy
Transparency
Fairness
Permanence
Post-publication actions are determined by their effect on the reliability and integrity of the scholarly record.
