Corrections Policy

Purpose

The Journal of Public Health and Pharmacy is committed to preserving the accuracy, transparency, and integrity of the scientific record. Corrections are issued when errors are identified in published articles that do not undermine the overall validity, reliability, or conclusions of the research.

Types of Corrections

1. Erratum: Issued when an error originates from the journal or publisher during the production process, such as typographical, layout, or formatting errors.
2. Corrigendum: Issued when an error is introduced by the author(s) and does not compromise the scientific integrity of the work, such as minor data labeling errors or omitted acknowledgments.

Correction Procedure

1. Errors may be reported by authors, editors, reviewers, or readers.
2. The Editorial Board evaluates the reported issue and assesses its impact on the published work.
3. If warranted, a formal correction notice is issued, clearly linked to the original article, and the online version is updated accordingly.

Principles

• Transparency: All correction notices clearly describe the nature of the error and the corresponding amendment.
• Accessibility: Corrected articles remain openly accessible to ensure continuity of the scientific record.

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Retraction Policy

Purpose

Retractions are issued when a published article is found to contain serious ethical breaches or critical errors that invalidate the research findings or could mislead readers. Retractions serve to correct the scholarly literature and uphold research integrity.

Grounds for Retraction

1. Verified evidence of data fabrication or falsification.
2. Plagiarism, duplicate publication, or redundant publication.
3. Major methodological or analytical errors that invalidate the results.
4. Serious ethical violations, including lack of ethical approval or informed consent.

Retraction Procedure

1. Investigation: The Editorial Board conducts an impartial investigation, consulting authors and, when appropriate, independent experts, institutions, or ethics committees, in line with COPE guidelines.
2. Decision: Following the investigation, the Editorial Board determines whether retraction is necessary.
3. Notification: Authors are formally informed of the decision, and a retraction notice is published stating the reasons for the retraction.
4. Article Status: The original article remains available online with a clear and permanent watermark indicating “RETRACTED”, ensuring transparency and traceability.

Principles

• Integrity: Retractions are implemented to protect the scientific community and the public from unreliable research.
• Fairness: Authors are given the opportunity to respond to allegations during the investigation process.
• Clarity: Retraction notices clearly explain the basis for the retraction and are permanently linked to the article.