Effectiveness of a Family Empowerment Module in Reducing Blood Pressure among Elderly with Hypertension: A Community-Based Quasi-Experimental
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension is a prevalent chronic condition among the elderly, often leading to cardiovascular complications. Family involvement in care has been identified as a potential strategy to improve hypertension control. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of a family empowerment module on reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension.
Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest procedure was used. The study recruited elderly participant in Indonesia between the ages of 60 and 90 who had been diagnosed with hypertension. Families of participants received a structured family empowerment intervention and provided care for one month. Blood pressure was taken before and after the intervention with a digital sphygmomanometer. With SPSS version 27, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to examine the data. Ethical permission was received from the Health Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Muhammadiyah Gombong
Results: There was a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure following the intervention. The mean systolic pressure decreased with a test statistic of Z = -4.901, p < 0.001, while diastolic pressure showed Z = -4.938, p < 0.001.
Conclusion: The family empowerment module demonstrated significant clinical effectiveness in lowering blood pressure among elderly hypertensive patients. This approach may serve as a valuable strategy in community-based hypertension management.
References
2. Frías-Osuna A, Moreno-Cámara S, Moral-Fernández L, Palomino-Moral PÁ, López-Martínez C, del-Pino-Casado R. Motives and perceptions of family care for dependent elderly. Aten Primaria. 2019 Dec 1;51(10):637–44.
3. Stanhope M, Lancaster J. Public health nursing population centered health care in the community (9th Ed.). Elsevier; 2016.
4. Friedman M, Bowden VR, Jones EG. Family Nursing,Research,Theory,and Practice (5th ed). Jakarta: EGC; 2010.
5. Zygouri I, Cowdell F, Ploumis A, Gouva M, Mantzoukas S. Gendered experiences of providing informal care for older people: a systematic review and thematic synthesis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Dec 1;21(1).
6. Ramirez LA, Sullivan JC. Sex differences in hypertension: Where we have been and where we are going. Vol. 31, American Journal of Hypertension. Oxford University Press; 2018. p. 1247–54.
7. Mohalli F, Hossein Mahmoudirad G, Alhani F, Ebadinejad Z, Foroozanfar H. The Effect of Family-centered Empowerment Model on the Indicators of the Ability of Patients with Hypertension. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research. 2018;13(5).
8. Hedayati QB. Effect of Family-Based Empowerment Model on the Self- Efficacy of Hypertensive Elderly People. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2018;
9. Zhang X, Zheng Y, Qiu C, ZY, & ZX, Zhao Y, Zang X. Well-being mediates the effects of social support and family function on self-management in elderly patients with hypertension. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 25(5), 559–571 https://doi.org/101080/1354850620191687919. 2020;25(5):559–71.
10. Boonyathee S, Seangpraw K, Ong-Artborirak P, Auttama N, Tonchoy P, Kantow S, et al. Effects of a social support family caregiver training program on changing blood pressure and lipid levels among elderly at risk of hypertension in a northern Thai community. PLoS One. 2021 Nov 1;16(11).
11. Chacko S, Jeemon P. Role of family support and self-care practices in blood pressure control in individuals with hypertension: Results from a cross-sectional study in Kollam District, Kerala. Wellcome Open Res. 2020;5.
12. Edward A, Campbell B, Manase F, Appel LJ. Patient and healthcare provider perspectives on adherence with antihypertensive medications: an exploratory qualitative study in Tanzania. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Dec 1;21(1).
13. Krishnamoorthy Y, Rajaa S, Rehman T, Thulasingam M. Patient and provider’s perspective on barriers and facilitators for medication adherence among adult patients with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in India: A qualitative evidence synthesis. BMJ Open. 2022 Mar 24;12(3).
14. Yang Y, Conde AR. Analysis of the Effect of Family-Centered Empowerment Model (FCEM) Health Education Through WeChat on Medication Compliance and Blood Pressure of Elderly Hypertensive Patients in Rural Areas. Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research [Internet]. 2024;8(4). Available from: http://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/JCNR
15. Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang X, G. Lin, M. CX, Wang S. Efficacy of empowerment strategies for patients with hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Patient Educ Couns. 2020;
16. Susanto T, Hernawati S, Yunanto RA, Rahmawati I, Laras Ati NA, Fauziah W. Family Self-management Program for Hypertension Management and Sodium Consumption Adherence: A Parallel Randomized Control Trial Among Family Caregivers and People With Hypertension. J Res Health Sci. 2024 Sep 1;24(4):e00628.
17. Damayanti R, Aziz Alimul Hidayat A. The Increasing Obedience and Changes in Blood Pressure Through Family Empowerment Model in Elderly People with Hypertension. Indian J Public Health Res Dev. 2020;11(03):1061.
18. Sales PC, McCarthy MM, Dickson VV, Sullivan-Bolyai S, Melkus GD, Chyun D. Family Management of Hypertension in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Nurs Res. 2024;
19. Jamadar DM, Bugade VD, Sancheti P V, Parande MA, Borle PS, Tambe MP. Practices and Role of Family Support in Control of Blood Pressure Among Hypertensive Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Centre. Indian J Public Health Res Dev. 2025 Mar;16(2).
20. Zeng D, Chien WT, Yang M. Effectiveness of a Patient-Family Carer Partnership Intervention on Blood Pressure Control for People with Hypertension in Rural Communities: A Randomised Controlled Trial. J Nurs Manag. 2024;2024.
21. Isnaini N, Dewi FT, Madyaningrum E, Noviana U. Family-Centered Education for Older Adults with Hypertension: A Scoping Review [Internet]. Vol. 54, Iran J Public Health. 2025. Available from: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
22. Kurnia V, Pauzi M, Gusmiati R, Wahyuni S. Family Support for Management of Hypertension. 2024;15:1–6. Available from: http://ejurnal.stikesprimanusantara.ac.id/
23. Dwisetyo B, Safina I. Family Support With Self-Care Management For Hypertension Patients. Int J Public Health. 2024;1(4):3047–5236.
24. Rahayu MR, Adriani RB, Patriyani REH. Family Support on Blood Pressure in Elderly Hypertension: A Literature Review. Interest?: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan [Internet]. 2025 Apr 24;68–82. Available from: https://jurnalinterest.com/index.php/int/article/view/714
25. Tutpai G, Unja EE, Nura F. Family Support for Controlling Blood Pressure of Elderly Patients in Health Facilities During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Banjarmasin. KnE Life Sciences. 2021 Mar 15;268–77.
26. Indarti ET, Widhamurti O, Kusumaningrum RY. TheRole of Self-Efficacy and Family Support in Stabilizing Blood Pressure of Patients With Hypertension. 2020;(3).
27. Handayani NF, Haryanto J, Sari DW. Factors Influencing Blood Pressure Control in Older Adults Hypertension: A Systematic Review. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research [Internet]. 2025 Feb 1;7(1):939–46. Available from: https://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/IJGHR/article/view/5300
28. Herlinah L, Khasanah U, Syamsir SB, Badriah S. The role of community-based nursing interventions on knowledge, self-efficacy, and blood pressure control among elderly people with hypertension. Malahayati International Journal of Nursing and Health Science. 2024 Jan 27;6(7):573–80.
Copyright (c) 2025 Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia retain the copyright of their work. The journal applies a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0), which grants the following rights:
-
Copyright Retention: Authors retain the copyright of their work, maintaining full control over their intellectual property without restrictions.
-
Right of First Publication: Authors grant the journal the right of first publication of their work. This ensures that the work is initially published and credited in Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia.
-
License to Share and Reuse: The work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0, allowing others to copy, distribute, remix, and build upon the work for any purpose, even commercially, as long as proper credit is given to the authors, and any new creations are licensed under the same terms.
