Analysis of Factors Influencing Work Accidents Among Workers at Exploitation Facilities and Offshore Oil and Gas Production at PT X from 2018 – 2023
Abstract
Background: The workplace risks faced at PT X oil and gas company, located offshore Natuna, are relatively high evidenced by fluctuations in accidents from 2018 – 2022. In 2018, recordable injury attributable to accidents was recorded, then in 2019-2020, there were no accidents, and the prevalence increased in 2021-2022. The company analyzed the main causes responsible for work accidents during this period and carried out intervention measures in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) program to reverse the trend in 2023. By implementing OHS program, the number of accidents in recordable injury category fell from 4 (2021- 2022) to 1 (2023). This shows that the program has been successful in managing work accidents. Considering that the investigation and analysis identified unsafe acts as the direct causes, Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) method was used to analyze other factors associated with accidents.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate OHS program actions at PT X in responding to increased work accidents in 2021-2022, and compare with recommendations for improvements from HFACS method.
Method: A qualitative design was used with secondary data, comprising 10 work accidents records and investigation reports for recordable injury cases from 2018 – 2022 available in PT X information system. Subsequently, the secondary data were then classified according to four failure stages in HFACS, namely unsafe acts, the precondition of unsafe acts, unsafe supervision, and organizational influence. This classification produced recommendations for improvement, which were then compared with the prevention intervention program for accidents at PT X.
Results: The results showed that OHS program intervention to reduce the number of accidents in 2023 was in accordance with the recommendations of HFACS analysis.
Conclusion: The application of HFACS in analyzing accidents records and investigation reports produced relatively comprehensive recommendations by focusing on the component stages. Several additional recommendations from the analysis of latent conditions will further improve OHS performance at PT X.
References
Benner, L. Accident Investigations: Multilinear events sequencing methods. Journal of Safety Research. 1975. Diakses dari: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232583711.
Bird, Jr, F., Germain, G., Clark, M. Practical loss control leadership. Det Norske Veritas (DNV). Georgia: DNV. 2007.
Dekker, S. Global Concept: Safety. The Core Body of Knowledge for Generalist OHS Professionals, Ed. 2. Tullamarine, VIC: Australian Institute of Health and Safety. 2019.
Fu, G., Cao, J.L., Zhou, L., Xiang, Y.C. Comparative study of HFACS and the 24Model accident causation models. Pet. Sci. 2017. doi: 10.1007/s12182-017-0171-4
HaSPA (Health and Safety Professional Alliance). (2012). The core body of knowledge for generalist OHS professional: Model of causation: Safety. Victoria, Australia: Safety Institute of Australia ltd. 2012.
Heinrich, H.W. Industrial accident prevention (2nd ed). New York: Mc. Graw Hill Book Company. 1941.
HFACS, Inc. The HFACS framework. 2014. Diakses dari https://www.hfacs.com/hfacs-framework.html
Hulme, A., Stanton, N. A., Walker, G. H., Waterson, P., & Salmon, P. M. Accident analysis in practice: A review of Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) applications in the peer reviewed academic literature. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. 2019; 63(1), 1849-1853. doi:10.1177/1071181319631086.
Health and Safety Executive (HSE) UK. Reducing error and influencing behavior HSG48.1999. Diakses dari Reducing error and influencing behaviour - HSG48 (hse.gov.uk).
Khodijah, S., Wirawan, M. Analisis kasus kecelakaan pemboran pada industri migas di PT.X berdasarkan faktor manusia tahun 2022. National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety (NJOHS). 2023. Diakses dari https://journal.fkm.ui.ac.id/ohs.
Li Y., Guldenmund F.W. Safety management systems: A broad overview of the literature. Safety Science 103 (2018) 94–123. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2017.11.016
Nwankwo, C.D., Arewa, A.O., Theophilus, S.C., Esenowo, V.N. Analysis of accidents caused by human factors in the oil and gas industry using the HFACS-OGI framework. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE). 2021. doi: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1916238.
Reason, J. Human error. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1990.
Reason, J. Managing the risks of organizational accidents. New York, USA: Ashgate Publishing. 1997.
Safety Institute of Australia Ltd. OHS BOK (Body of Knowledge) Safety. 2019. Diakses dari https://www.ohsbok.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/5-Global-Safety-2019.pdf
Saha, A., Ramnath, T., Chaudhuri, R. N., Saiyed, H.N. An accident-risk assessment study of temporary piece rated workers. Industrial Health. 2004; 42, 240–245. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.42.240.
Stanton, N.A., Rafferty, L.A., Blane, A. Human factors analysis of accidents in system of systems. Journal of Battlefield Technology. 2012;15(2), 23-30. Diakses dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284870360
The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers. Safety performance indicators – 2022 data. Diakses dari https://www.iogp.org/bookstore/product/safety-performance-indicators-2022-data/
Theophilus, S.C., Esenowo, V.N., Arewa, A.O., Ifelebuegu, A.O., Nnadi, E.O., Mbanaso, F.U. Human factors analysis and classification system for the oil and gas industry (HFACS-OGI). Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2017;167:168-176. doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2017.05.036
Wiegmann, D.A., Shappell, S.A. A human error approach to aviation accident analysis: The human factors analysis and classification system. Burlington, USA: Ashgate Publishing Company. 2003.p. 45-98.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. 
