Intervensi Pengurangan Polusi Udara dari Sumber Bergerak dan Tidak Bergerak Berbagai Negara di Dunia : Systematic Review
Interventions for Reducing Air Pollution from Mobile and Immovable Sources in Various Countries in the World: Systematic Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Polusi udara menyebabkan 7 juta kematian dini penduduk tiap tahunnya, 4,2 juta kematian disebabkan oleh polusi udara di luar ruangan. Penanggulangan polusi udara telah dilakukan untuk polusi udara yang bersumber dari sumber bergerak dan tidak bergerak. Namun, diperlukan upaya yang lebih efektif untuk mengurangi polusi udara.
Tujuan: Mengetahui upaya intervensi yang dilakukan negara-negara di dunia untuk mengurangi polusi udara.
Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah systematic Review melalui penelusuran database Pubmed, ScienceDirect, dan Scopus. Kriteria inklusi yaitu artikel yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2013-2023, tersedia dalam bentuk full text, serta tersedia dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris. Kriteria ekslusi yaitu artikel yang termasuk buku atau dokumen, hasil dari meta analisis, review, dan systematicreview.
Hasil: Setelah dilakukan penyaringan sesuai kriteria, 24 artikel diperoleh untuk dianalisis. Intervensi terhadap penanggulangan polusi udara dari sumber bergerak adalah skema kendaraan ganjil-genap (pengurangan konsentrasi PM2.5 yaitu 2%- 44%, pengurangan konsentrasi PM10 yaitu 5% - 49%), penggunaan Filter karbon aktif baru (NO2 kendaraan menurun sebesar 87%), pelaksanaan proyek kereta metro (total emisi yang dihemat meningkat 5 kali lipat), penerapan low emission zone (mengurangi konsentrasi NO2 13.4%), dan sistem energi terbarukan dan program subsidi (mengurangi emisi karbon). Upaya bagisumber tidak bergerak yaitu penggunaan LNG (liquid natural gas) dan insentif bagi industri yang menggunakan LNG (reduksi emisi CO2 naik dari 15% ke 26 %).
Kesimpulan: Berbagai intervensi untuk mengurangi polusi udara telah dilakukan dan efektif untuk mengurangi polusi udara.
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