Peran Keragaman Pangan terhadap Stunting pada Balita di Indonesia: Literature Review
The Role of Dietary Diversity in Stunting among Toddlers in Indonesia: Literature Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia telah menurun dari 30,8% (tahun 2018) menjadi 21,6% (tahun 2022), tetapi masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat kategori tinggi. Keragaman pangan diketahui menjadi salah satu determinan penyebab stunting pada balita.
Tujuan: Menganalisis peran keragaman pangan terhadap stunting pada balita di Indonesia.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review. Penelurusan artikel dilakukan dalam database Scopus dengan kata kunci dietary diversity dan stunting. Kriteria inklusi antara lain berupa artikel hasil penelitian primer yang dilakukan di Indonesia yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2019–2023 serta beberapa kriteria lainnya.
Hasil: Penelitian ini menganalisis 8 artikel hasil penelitian di beberapa daerah di Pulau Jawa, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, dan Sumba, Indonesia. Sebanyak 7 dari 8 artikel menyatakan adanya hubungan signifikan antara keragaman pangan dengan stunting pada balita di Indonesia. Selain keragaman pangan, beberapa artikel yang dikaji juga menunjukkan adanya faktor lain yang berhubungan signfikan dengan kejadian stunting, meliputi: ketidakcukupan asupan zat gizi, usia anak, panjang lahir, karakteristik orang tua, serta ketersediaan dan akses makanan.
Kesimpulan: Keragaman pangan memiliki peran penting terhadap stunting pada balita di Indonesia. Konsumsi makanan yang semakin bervariasi, maka semakin lengkap zat gizi yang diterima tubuh, sehingga berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan yang optimal. Peningkatan keragaman pangan perlu didukung dengan pengoptimalan intervensi lainnya agar penanggulangan stunting dapat lebih komprehensif.
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