Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Kejadian Efek Samping Obat pada Pasien TB-MDR: Literature Review
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Adverse Drug Reactions in MDR-TB Patients: Literature Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Efek samping obat merupakan masalah kesehatan penting yang sering terjadi pada pengobatan Tuberculosis Multi Drug Resistant (TB-MDR) dan berpengaruh pada kepatuhan pengobatan dan keberhasilan pengobatan.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui gambaran efek samping dan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya efek samping obat pada pasien TB-MDR.
Metode: PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Penelusuran literatur pada database Pubmed, Proquest, Scopus dan Science Direct. Kata kunci: “adverse event” “adverse drug reaction” “drug resistant” “MDR” “tuberculosis” “predicted factor”. Kriteria inklusi literatur berbahasa Inggris, full text, free open access, rentang waktu publikasi 10 tahun terakhir, dan memiliki desain studi analitik.
Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran di 4 database diperoleh total 468 artikel yang kemudian dilakukan proses skrining dan kelayakan melalui kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi hingga didapatkan 6 artikel yang dilakukan sintesis.
Kesimpulan: Prevalensi efek samping pasien TB-MDR adalah 40-80,7%. Mayoritas pasien mengalami efek samping ototoxicity, arthralgia, gastrointestinal disease, psychiatric disturbance, hepatotoxicity, dermatologic disease. Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan efek samping adalah usia lebih tua, berat badan tinggi, status pasien yang bekerja, riwayat efek samping, riwayat pengobatan TB sensitive obat (SO), komorbiditas, alkohol, dan perokok aktif, paduan pengobatan TB-MDR (paduan jangka panjang, paduan individual, paduan tanpa bedaquiline), tidak menerima transportasi kontrol bulanan, menerima DOT (directly observed therapy) dari fasilitas kesehatan perifer, dan keterlambatan pelaporan kasus TB MDR. Sedangkan faktor yang menurunkan risiko efek samping adalah paduan pengobatan dengan bedaquiline, underweight dan menerima pasokan makanan
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