Terapi Komplementer Keperawatan dalam Mengurangi Mual Muntah akibat Kemoterapi: Literature Review
Complementary Nursing Therapy for Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting: Literature Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Diperkirakan 70% hingga 80% pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi mengalami mual dan muntah. Mual dan muntah akibat kemoterapi dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kesehatan fisik, mental, kualitas hidup, serta dapat meningkatkan beban biaya keuangan pada pasien kemoterapi. Intervensi farmakologis belum sepenuhnya dapat mengendalikan mual dan muntah, maka terapi komplementer perlu dikembangkan untuk mendukung keberhasilan kemoterapi.
Tujuan: Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi beragam terapi komplementer yang terbukti dapat mengurangi mual dan muntah akibat kemoterapi.
Metode: Tinjauan literatur dilakukan melalui basis data: Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Research Gate dalam rentang tahun 2017 hingga 2022. Artikel dipilih berdasarkan abstrak serta teks lengkap yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekskusi. Artikel disusun menggunakan panduan PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta Analysis). Untuk menguji kelayakan dan kualitas artikel menggunakan Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP).
Hasil: Diperoleh 50 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dari 28.879 artikel, terdapat 20 artikel dibahas dalam tinjauan literatur ini. Ditemukan sebanyak 23 jenis terapi komplementer dalam upaya mengurangi mual dan muntah akibat kemoterapi.
Kesimpulan: Tiga terapi komplementer dengan penelitian terbanyak adalah pijat, akupuntur dan akupresur, telah terbukti dapat mengurangi mual dan muntah akibat kemoterapi. Namun perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut, mengingat belum banyaknya penelitian mengenai terapi komplementer dalam upaya mengurangi mual dan muntah akibat kemoterapi di Indonesia.
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