Tantangan dan Strategi Penerapan Adaptasi Dokter Spesialis Lulusan Luar Negeri di Rumah Sakit : Systematic Literatur Review
Challenges and Strategies for Implementing Adaptation of Foreign Graduate Specialist Doctors in Hospitals: Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Kekurangan tenaga dokter spesialis kronis dapat diatasi dengan suplai dokter lulusan luar negeri. Suplai dokter spesialis lulusan luar negeri menjadi alternatif dalam pemenuhan layanan spesialistik di rumah sakit. Terlepas dari peran pentingnya dalam pemenuhan layanan spesialistik, masih terdapat tantangan dan hambatan dalam adaptasi dokter lulusan luar negeri di rumah sakit.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman adaptasi dokter spesialis lulusan luar negeri di berbagai negara baik berupa tantangan dan strategi untuk mengatasinya selama masa adaptasi di rumah sakit.
Metode: Tinjauan sistematik menggunakan panduan PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review or Meta-Analysis). Pencarian data menggunakan search engine yaitu Pubmed, Proquest dan Scopus mulai tahun 2018 sampai dengan tahun 2023. Penulis menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi untuk mengidentifikasi studi yang akan direviu.
Hasil: 12 studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dari 1070 artikel. Tantangan pelaksanaan adaptasi dokter lulusan luar negeri di berbagai negara adalah perbedaan bahasa dan budaya, pemenuhan fasilitas pendukung adaptasi, stigma penerimaan dan diskriminasi terhadap lulusan luar negeri serta sistem dan standar pelayanan kesehatan yang berbeda. Beberapa studi menyampaikan strategi untuk menghadapi tantangan pelaksanaan adaptasi meliputi pemahaman bahasa serta tradisi budaya setempat, pemenuhan kebutuhan fisiologis dan psikologis bagi dokter spesialis lulusan luar negeri, bimbingan serta pelatihan terkait sistem dan regulasi kesehatan.
Kesimpulan: Pemenuhan kebutuhan fisiologis dan psikologis dokter spesialis lulusan luar negeri sangat penting untuk disiapkan di lokasi pelaksanaan adaptasi. Bimbingan serta pelatihan terkait sistem dan regulasi kesehatan menjadi bekal bagi dokter spesialis lulusan luar negeri dalam menerapkan adaptasi di rumah sakit. Strategi-strategi tersebut perlu mendapatkan penguatan dukungan dari Pemerintah. Penguatan dukungan dalam bentuk penyiapan infrastruktur, pelatihan dan regulasi.
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