Pengaruh Pendekatan Edukasi Socio-Cultural terhadap Pencegahan TBC di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan
The Influence of the Socio-Cultural Education Approach on TB Prevention in Tapanuli Selatan Regency
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Tingginya angka kejadian TBC di Indonesia, termasuk di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Selain itu, faktor sosial budaya seperti stigma dan diskriminasi terhadap penderita TBC juga dapat mempengaruhi keberhasilan program pencegahan dan pengendalian TBC.
Tujuan penelitian: untuk menilai pengaruh pendekatan edukasi socio-cultural terhadap pencegahan TBC di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-experimental pada keluarga di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Terdiri dari kelompok intervensi yang menerima pendekatan edukasi sosio-kultural terhadap pencegahan TBC, dan kelompok kontrol yang tidak menerima pendekatan serupa. Populasi terdiri dari masyarakat yang rentan terkena TBC di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan, dengan sampel dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling yang mewakili berbagai kelompok sosial dan ekonomi di setiap desa atau kelurahan. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data tentang pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku terkait TBC, serta observasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan software SPSS, dengan analisis univariate, bivariate, dan multivariate, serta uji statistik seperti chi-square dan regresi logistik.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan pengetahuan keluarga, sikap, perilaku keluarga pada pre test dengan post test 1 dan post test 2 baik pada kelompok perlakuan maupun kontrol. Dari hasil ini adalah bahwa meskipun pendekatan edukasi sosial-kultural memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap pengetahuan keluarga, tidak ada dampak signifikan yang ditemukan dalam hal sikap dan perilaku keluarga.
Kesimpulan dan saran: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan edukasi socio-cultural (PEC) berdampak besar dalam pencegahan TBC di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. PEC meningkatkan pemahaman, mengubah sikap, dan mendorong perubahan perilaku positif. Penerapan PEC yang mempertimbangkan nilai budaya dan norma sosial terbukti efektif dalam merancang pesan pencegahan yang lebih relevan dan diterima. Kolaborasi dalam penyampaian pesan pencegahan juga terbukti efektif dalam membangun keterpercayaan dan keterlibatan masyarakat, tetapi perlu penyesuaian terhadap perubahan budaya dan sosial.
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