Analisis Ibu Bekerja dan Kelebihan Berat Badan Anak Usia Prasekolah: Literature Review
Analysis of Working Mothers and Overweight of Preschool-Aged Children: Literature Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Keterlibatan ibu pada pengaturan makan anak usia prasekolah merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk tercapainya status gizi yang baik. Status ibu bekerja dan tidak bekerja memberikan pengaruh yang cukup signifikan tehadap kejadian obesitas pada anak.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis pengaruh status pekerjaan ibu terhadap kejadian obesitas pada anak usia prasekolah.
Metode: Studi ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan prinsip metode PRISMA flowchart. Pencarian literature bersumber pada database Science Direct, Google Scholar, dan Proquest. Kata Kunci yang digunakan adalah overweight, obesity, preschool, childhood, maternal employment.
Hasil: Ibu yang bekerja berisiko akan meningkatkan kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas pada anak. Ibu yang bekerja akan memiliki waktu yang sedikit untuk terlibat langsung dengan pengaturan pola makan anak. Sedikitnya waktu untuk menyiapkan dan mengatur makanan untuk anak dan keluarga akan mendorong ibu memilih menyiapkan makanan yang lebih cepat disajikan karena waktu yang terbatas. Anak banyak terpapar makanan olahan yang kurang diketahui kandungan gizinya. Namun, hal ini mungkin juga tidak akan berpengaruh signifikan karena beberapa kondisi seperti pengasuhan anak dibantu oleh orang lain seperti pengasuh, kakek, nenek ataupun kerabat lainnya yang masih dibawah pemantauan ibunya dan juga jika status ekonomi keluarga yang rendah.
Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil review dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat keterkaitan antara ibu yang bekerja dengan kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas pada anak usia prasekolah. Hubungan tersebut tidak akan berlaku jika status ekonomi keluarga rendah dan anak mendapatkan pengasuhan orang lain dengan pamantauan penuh dari ibu.
References
Mahendradhata Y, Andono Ahmad R, Lazuardi L, N.Wilastonegoro N, Meyanti F, H.Sebong P. Kesehatan Global. Dewi, editor. Sleman: Gadjah Mada University Press; 2021.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Status Gizi Balita dan Interaksinya [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2023 Apr 29]. Available from: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/blog/20170216/0519737/status-gizi-balita-dan-interaksinya/
Suhaimi A. Pangan, Gizi, dan Kesehatan. In: Saihani A, Van Royensyah R, editors. DEEPUBLISH; 2019. p. 77.
UNICEF. Indonesia: Tingkat Obesitas di Kalangan Orang Dewasa Berlipat Ganda Selama Dua Dekade Terakhir [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Apr 9]. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/id/press-releases/indonesia-tingkat-obesitas-di-kalangan-orang-dewasa-berlipat-ganda-selama-dua-dekade
Andolfi C, Fisichella PM. Epidemiology of Obesity and Associated Comorbidities. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech. 2018;28(8):919–24.
Abdelaal M, le Roux CW, Docherty NG. Morbidity and mortality associated with obesity. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5(7):1–12.
WHO. Obesity and Overweight [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Mar 8]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
Romieu I, Dossus L, Barquera S, Blottière HM, Franks PW, Gunter M, et al. Energy balance and obesity: what are the main drivers? Cancer Causes Control. 2017;28(3):247–58.
Direktorat Promosi dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Mengenal Dampak Psikososial pada Anak yang Obesitas [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Apr 9]. Available from: https://promkes.kemkes.go.id/mengenal-dampak-psikososial-pada-anak-yang-obesitas
Raghuveer G. Lifetime cardiovascular risk of childhood obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(5):1514–9.
Nursanyoto H, Suiraoka IP. Monograf. Determinant Kejadian Obesitas Anak dan Kebutuhan Intervensinya pada Masa pandemi COVID-19. Bandung: CV. Feniks Muda Sejahtera; 2022.
Saunders KL. Preventing obesity in pre-school children: A literature review. J Public Health (Bangkok). 2007;29(4):368–75.
Syahreni E. Mengembangkan Perilaku Sehat Pada Anak Usia 2-4 Tahun. Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional; 2011.
Sinaga S, Sulistyarini WD, Rusfan IPNP. Pola Asuh Orangtua Dalam Pemberian Makanan Pada Anak yang Mengalami Obesitas. 2017;2.
Yunarti AM, Pamela CI. Pola Asuh Makan oleh Ibu Bekerja dengan Status Gizi Siswa di SDN Ngrame Kecamatan Pungging Kabupaten Mojokerto. Medica Majapahit [Internet]. 2016;8(2). Available from: http://ejournal.stikesmajapahit.ac.id/index.php/MM/article/view/258
Kazakova Y. Maternal employment and childhood obesity in Russia. Econ Hum Biol [Internet]. 2022;47(September):101187. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101187
Sutopo AH. Literature Review dengan NVivo. Tangerang: TOPAZART; 2021.
Li J, Kaiser T, Pollmann-Schult M, Strazdins L. Long work hours of mothers and fathers are linked to increased risk for overweight and obesity among preschool children: Longitudinal evidence from Germany. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2019;73(8):723–9.
Li J, Akaliyski P, Schäfer J, Kendall G, Oddy WH, Stanley F, et al. Non-linear relationship between maternal work hours and child body weight: Evidence from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Soc Sci Med. 2017;186:52–60.
Armoon B, Karimy M. Epidemiology of childhood overweight, obesity and their related factors in a sample of preschool children from Central Iran. BMC Pediatr [Internet]. 2019;19. Available from: https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/epidemiology-childhood-overweight-obesity-their/docview/2243099945/se-2
Ben Fredj S, Ghammam R, Zammit N, Ben Ammar S, Ammar A, Hasni Y, et al. Excess Weight Among Preschool Children in a Lower-Middle-Income Country: Predictors and Perspectives of Prevention. Sumerianz J Med Healthc. 2021;(42):79–86.
Kim HS, Park J, Ma Y, Im M. What Are the Barriers at Home and School to Healthy Eating?: Overweight/Obese Child and Parent Perspectives. J Nurs Res. 2019;27(5).
Géa-Horta T, Felisbino-Mendes MS, Ortiz RJF, Velasquez-Melendez G. Association between Maternal Socioeconomic Factors and Nutritional Outcomes in Children Under 5 Years of Age. J Pediatr (Rio J) [Internet]. 2016;92(6):574–80. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2016.02.010
Ettinger AK, Riley AW, Price CE. Increasing Maternal Employment Influences Child Overweight/Obesity Among Ethnically Diverse Families. J Fam Issues. 2018;39(10):2836–61.
Kurspahi?-Muj?i? A, Muj?i? A. Factors associated with overweight and obesity in preschool children. Med Glas. 2020;17(2):538–43.
Kristo AS, Sikalidis AK, Uzun A. Traditional Societal Practices Can Avert Poor Dietary Habits and Reduce Obesity Risk in Preschool Children of Mothers with Low Socioeconomic Status and Unemployment. Behav Sci (Basel, Switzerland). 2021 Mar;11(4).
Copyright (c) 2023 Nizaar Ferdian
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. 
