Wawancara Kognitif untuk Adaptasi Instrumen Literasi Kesehatan Digital untuk Remaja di Gorontalo
Using Cognitive Interview to Adapt Electronic Health Literacy Scale for Adolescents in Gorontalo
Abstract
Latar belakang: Tingkat literasi kesehatan yang rendah dapat menyebabkan rendahnya partisipasi dalam pengobatan, alpa mengambil keputusan tentang kesehatannya, dan rendahnya kapasitas mengelola penyakitnya secara mandiri. Hingga saat ini masih minim pengukuran tingkat literasi kesehatan digital pada remaja di Indonesia.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengadaptasi instrumen literasi kesehatan digital (eHEALS) versi Bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa dan konteks sosial budaya remaja di Provinsi Gorontalo, Indonesia.
Metode: Instrumen eHEALS diadaptasi melalui dua cara, yaitu 1) Translasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan translasi ulang (back translation) ke dalam Bahasa Inggris, 2) Wawancara kognitif untuk menilai validitas konten eHEALS dengan menggunakan teknik probing dan thinking aloud kepada 10 remaja usia 16-18 tahun. Hasil wawancara kognitif dianalisis berdasarkan kejelasan, asumsi, pengetahuan, dan sensitivitas/bias dari setiap butir pertanyaan untuk mendapatkan instrumen eHEALS versi adaptasi yang siap guna.
Hasil: Proses terjemahan dan terjemahan ulang tidak menemukan perbedaan makna yang berarti. Namun, wawancara kognitif mengidentifikasi beberapa masalah seperti susunan kata yang kurang jelas, istilah teknis yang tidak dipahami, kosakata yang membingungkan dan sulit dimengerti, serta masalah yang terkait dengan asumsi yang berpotensi tidak tepat. Tidak ada masalah yang muncul terkait sensitivitas bahasa. Modifikasi dilakukan terhadap item-item yang bermasalah, baik dari sisi bahasa, struktur kalimat, maupun pilihan kata sehingga dapat dipahami oleh sasaran remaja di Provinsi Gorontalo, Indonesia.
Kesimpulan: Instrumen eHEALS yang telah diadaptasi dapat digunakan untuk mengukur literasi kesehatan digital pada remaja di Gorontalo. Penelitian selanjutnya hendaknya melakukan validitas konstruk atas instrumen ini dengan instrumen yang telah baku.
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