Pengaruh Metode Pemberian ASI terhadap Durasi Pemberian ASI: Systematic Literature Review
Breastfeeding Methods and It’s Impact on Duration of Breastfeeding: Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Pemberian ASI memiliki banyak manfaat dan dampak Kesehatan baik bagi ibu maupun bayi. Proses menyusui merupakan pemberian ASI kepada anak, baik itu melalui menyusu langsung pada payudara, pemberian ASI perah (secara manual atau dengan pompa) melalui botol/sendok/cangkir tanpa menyusui langsung atau kombinasi keduanya, namun sebagian besar penelitian tentang menyusui hingga saat ini belum mempertimbangkan metode pemberian ASI kepada bayi.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara metode menyusui baik itu menyusui secara langsung (direct breastfeeding) , memberikan ASI Perah (Exclusive Pumping) dan kombinasi keduanya terhadap durasi menyusui.
Metode: Tinjauan sistematik menggunakan panduan PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review or Meta-Analysis). Pencarian data menggunakan search engine yaitu Pubmed, SAGE Journal dan Proquest mulai tahun 2013 sampai dengan tahun 2023. Penulis menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi untuk mengidentifikasi studi yang akan direviu. Ditemukan 12 studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi.
Hasil: Studi menunjukkan bahwa ibu yang memberikan ASI secara Exclusve pumping beresiko memiliki durasi menyusui yang lebih pendek dibandingkan yang menyusui langsung atau kombinasi keduanya. Hubungan tersebut juga dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor sosial budaya terkait yaitu status umur, pendidikan, IMT, status bekerja, paritas dan juga metode persalinan.
Kesimpulan: Temuan studi dapat memberikan informasi bahwa terdapat hubungan antara metode menyusui dengan durasi menyusui. Perlu dilakukan sosialisasi untuk masing-masing metode menyusui tersebut untuk mendapatkan durasi menyusui yang optimal.
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