Implementasi Lean Six Sigma di Pelayanan Kesehatan Saat dan Paska Pandemi COVID-19 : Literature Review
Implementation of Lean Six Sigma in Healthcare During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic : Literature Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan perubahan kegiatan dan inovasi mutu pada pelayanan kesehatan. Di Indonesia, sektor kesehatan memiliki dampak akibat tingginya penyebaran COVID-19, mulai dari tenaga kesehatan hingga ke tingkat manajemen rumah sakit karena organisasi tidak mempunyai waktu untuk merespon krisis tersebut.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui upaya pelayanan kesehatan dalam menghadapi pandemi COVID-19 menggunakan metode Lean Six Sigma (LSS).
Metode: Tinjauan ditentukan berdasarkan PICOS. Pencarian dilakukan pada basis data Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Science Direct menggunakan PRISMA. Artikel dibatasi dari Januari 2020-Desember 2022, di pelayanan kesehatan saat atau setelah pandemi COVID-19 serta menggunakan metode LSS.
Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil pencarian ditemukan 144 artikel dengan 1 duplikasi. Hasil screening pada judul dan abstrak didapatkan 7 artikel namun 1 artikel tidak lengkap sehingga 6 artikel yang akan ditinjau oleh peneliti. Dari 6 penelitian, 5 artikel menggunakan metode DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analysis, Improve, and Control) dan 1 artikel dengan jenis penelitian retrospektif. Metode DMAIC dimulai dari mendefinisikan masalah yang dihadapi (Define) dengan menggunakan beberapa teknik pengukuran (Measure). Selanjutnya, capaian kinerja dan tujuan yang ingin dicapai dianalisis untuk mempersiapkan rencana perbaikan yang akan dilakukan (Analysis). Perbaikan (Improvement) dan kontrol (Control) dilakukan untuk pencapaian tujuan jangka panjang.
Kesimpulan: Penerapan LSS pada masa pandemi COVID-19 dapat membantu pelayanan kesehatan di beberapa negara untuk peningkatan kualitas manajemen, tenaga medis, efisiensi, dan mengurangi waktu tunggu pelayanan.
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