Pelayanan Kesehatan Jiwa dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya di Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat : Literature Review
Mental Health Services and Factors Affecting Them in Public Health Centers : Literature Review
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Masalah kesehatan jiwa merupakan masalah yang banyak terjadi di seluruh dunia, berdasarkan data WHO (2017) diperkirakan jumlah penyandang gangguan jiwa mencapai 450 juta jiwa. Secara global masalah gangguan jiwa berkontribusi terhadap tahun hilang akibat kesakitan atau kecacatan dengan persentase (14,4%). Menurut WHO lebih dari (70%) diseluruh dunia mengalami kekurangan tenaga kesehatan jiwa, dan kekurangan anggaran untuk mengatasi permasalah kesehatan jiwa, sehingga masih banyak masyarakat dengan gangguan jiwa yang tidak mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan jiwa secara optimal.
Tujuan: Untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor apakah yang mempengaruhi pelayanan kesehatan jiwa di pusat kesehatan masyarakat.
Metode: Metode literature riview dengan melakukan kajian artikel-artikel berbahasa Indonesia dan Inggris yang tersedia pada database online, diantaranya Science Direct, Springer Link, Pub Med Central, dan Google Scholar. Database yang menjadi sumber ditelusuri dengan menggunakan beberapa kata kunci yang telah ditentukan sesuai tujuan, kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi.
Hasil: Terdapat delapan (8) artikel yang memenuhi tujuan dan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Sebagian besar penelitian memaparkan bahwa pelayanan kesehatan jiwa di beberapa pusat kesehatan masyarakat masih belum optimal dan terdapat beberapa hambatan dalam proses dan/atau kegiatan pemberian pelayanan kesehatan jiwa untuk masyarakat. Adapun beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pelayanan kesehatan jiwa terhadap masyarakat.
Kesimpulan: Faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pelayanan kesehatan jiwa di pusat kesehatan masyarakat, diantaranya yaitu kurangnya sumber daya kesehatan yang memadai, anggaran kesehatan jiwa yang kurang, sarana prasaran pendukung pelayanan kesehatan jiwa yang kurang, kurangnya dukungan dari pemangku kebijakan, dan kurangnya advokasi.
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