Obesitas dan Kanker Payudara : Literature Review
Obesity and Breast Cancer : Literature Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Penyakit kanker payudara merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang paling banyak ditemukan di Indonesia pada tahun 2020. Di sisi lain obesitas juga menjadi masalah kesehatan yang saling terkait dengan risiko terjadinya bermacam penyakit kanker, salah satunya kanker payudara. Obesitas dialami oleh 13% populasi dewasa dunia dan 18% populasi anak dan remaja usia 5-19 tahun pada 2016. Obesitas menjadi faktor risiko penting pada morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit tidak menular dan penyakit yang berhubungan dengan gaya hidup sedentary karena kurang melakukan aktivitas fisik.
Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh obesitas sebagai faktor risiko kejadian kanker payudara pada wanita.
Metode: Studi ini merupakan suatu studi literatur menggunakan online database melalui Pubmed. Hasil pencarian literatur diperoleh 10 artikel yang terbit antara tahun 2012 – 2022.
Hasil: Hasil beberapa studi menggunakan desain studi kasus kontrol menunjukkan secara statistik terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara obesitas dan kejadian kanker payudara. Studi di negara-negara Asia, Amerika dan Australia yang berbeda secara ras dan ekonomi menunjukkan hubungan tersebut. Sebagai faktor risiko kanker payudara yang dapat dicegah, fokus pada obesitas merupakan salah satu faktor mencegah terjadinya kanker payudara pada wanita.
Kesimpulan: Obesitas merupakan faktor risiko kanker payudara pada wanita dan melakukan gaya hidup sehat, rutin berolahraga, meningkatkan aktivitas fisik dan rutin melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan dapat mengurangi risiko obesitas yang pada akhirnya dapat mengurangi risiko penyakit, termasuk penyakir kanker payudara.
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