Obesitas dan Kanker Payudara : Literature Review
Obesity and Breast Cancer : Literature Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Penyakit kanker payudara merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang paling banyak ditemukan di Indonesia pada tahun 2020. Di sisi lain obesitas juga menjadi masalah kesehatan yang saling terkait dengan risiko terjadinya bermacam penyakit kanker, salah satunya kanker payudara. Obesitas dialami oleh 13% populasi dewasa dunia dan 18% populasi anak dan remaja usia 5-19 tahun pada 2016. Obesitas menjadi faktor risiko penting pada morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit tidak menular dan penyakit yang berhubungan dengan gaya hidup sedentary karena kurang melakukan aktivitas fisik.
Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh obesitas sebagai faktor risiko kejadian kanker payudara pada wanita.
Metode: Studi ini merupakan suatu studi literatur menggunakan online database melalui Pubmed. Hasil pencarian literatur diperoleh 10 artikel yang terbit antara tahun 2012 – 2022.
Hasil: Hasil beberapa studi menggunakan desain studi kasus kontrol menunjukkan secara statistik terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara obesitas dan kejadian kanker payudara. Studi di negara-negara Asia, Amerika dan Australia yang berbeda secara ras dan ekonomi menunjukkan hubungan tersebut. Sebagai faktor risiko kanker payudara yang dapat dicegah, fokus pada obesitas merupakan salah satu faktor mencegah terjadinya kanker payudara pada wanita.
Kesimpulan: Obesitas merupakan faktor risiko kanker payudara pada wanita dan melakukan gaya hidup sehat, rutin berolahraga, meningkatkan aktivitas fisik dan rutin melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan dapat mengurangi risiko obesitas yang pada akhirnya dapat mengurangi risiko penyakit, termasuk penyakir kanker payudara.
References
Kementerian Kesehatan. Pedoman Manajemen Penyakit Tidak Menular. Dirjen Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit. Direktorat Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Tidak Menular. 2019.
Global Cancer Observatory. Cancer Fact Sheet [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Apr 27]. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/fact-sheets-cancers
World Health Organization (WHO). Breast Cancer [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Apr 27]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer
National Breast Cancer Foundation. Other types of Breast Cancer [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Dec 1]. Available from: https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/other-types-of-breast-cancer
World Health Organization (WHO). Obesity [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Dec 1]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_1
Pacific WHOrganizationRO for the W. The Asia-Pacific perspective : redefining obesity and its treatment [Internet]. Sydney : Health Communications Australia; 2000. Available from: http://iris.wpro.who.int/handle/10665.1/5379
Bhaskaran K, Douglas I, Forbes H, dos-Santos-Silva I, Leon DA, Smeeth L. Body-mass index and risk of 22 specific cancers: a population-based cohort study of 5·24 million UK adults. The Lancet. 2014 Aug;384(9945):755–65.
Pi-Sunyer X. The Medical Risks of Obesity. Postgrad Med. 2009 Nov 1;121(6):21–33.
Singh M, Jangra B. Association between body mass index and risk of breast cancer among females of north India. South Asian J Cancer. 2013;2(3):121.
Sangrajrang S, Chaiwerawattana A, Ploysawang P, Nooklang K, Jamsri P, Somharnwong S. Obesity, Diet and Physical Inactivity and Risk of Breast Cancer in Thai Women. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2013 Nov 30;14(11):7023–7.
Elkum N, Al-Tweigeri T, Ajarim D, Al-Zahrani A, Amer SM Bin, Aboussekhra A. Obesity is a significant risk factor for breast cancer in Arab women. BMC Cancer. 2014 Dec 29;14(1):788.
Tamaki K, Tamaki N, Terukina S, Kamada Y, Uehara K, Arakaki M, et al. The Correlation between Body Mass Index and Breast Cancer Risk or Estrogen Receptor Status in Okinawan Women. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2014;234(3):169–74.
Bandera E V., Chandran U, Hong CC, Troester MA, Bethea TN, Adams-Campbell LL, et al. Obesity, body fat distribution, and risk of breast cancer subtypes in African American women participating in the AMBER Consortium. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015 Apr 26;150(3):655–66.
Khan Ayub, Rafique Kashif, Farooq Umer, Khan Khalid. Obesity, Fat Topography And Risk Of Carcinoma Breast. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2017;
Gravena A, Romeiro Lopes, Demitto MO, Borghesan DHP, Dell’ Agnolo CM, Brischiliari SCR, et al. The Obesity and the Risk of Breast Cancer among Pre and Postmenopausal Women . Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018 Sep;2429–36.
Miller ER, Wilson C, Chapman J, Flight I, Nguyen AM, Fletcher C, et al. Connecting the dots between breast cancer, obesity and alcohol consumption in middle-aged women: ecological and case control studies. BMC Public Health. 2018 Dec 6;18(1):460.
Schairer C, Laurent CA, Moy LM, Gierach GL, Caporaso NE, Pfeiffer RM, et al. Obesity and related conditions and risk of inflammatory breast cancer: a nested case–control study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2020 Sep 20;183(2):467–78.
Islam D, Islam MdS, Jesmin. Association of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and demographic risk factors with breast cancer in Bangladeshi women. Medicine. 2022 Nov 18;101(46):e31698.
Global Cancer Observatory. Cancer Attributable to Obesity [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Apr 27]. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/causes/obesity/tools-pie
Lim YX, Lim ZL, Ho PJ, Li J. Breast Cancer in Asia: Incidence, Mortality, Early Detection, Mammography Programs, and Risk-Based Screening Initiatives. Cancers (Basel). 2022 Aug 30;14(17):4218.
Gui Y, Pan Q, Chen X, Xu S, Luo X, Chen L. The association between obesity related adipokines and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2017 Sep 26;8(43):75389–99.
Kothari C, Diorio C, Durocher F. The Importance of Breast Adipose Tissue in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 11;21(16):5760.
Lee K, Kruper L, Dieli-Conwright CM, Mortimer JE. The Impact of Obesity on Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Curr Oncol Rep. 2019 May 27;21(5):41.
Youn HJ, Han W. A Review of the Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Asia: Focus on Risk Factors. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2020 Apr 1;21(4):867–80.
Chan DSM, Vieira AR, Aune D, Bandera EV, Greenwood DC, McTiernan A, et al. Body mass index and survival in women with breast cancer—systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 82 follow-up studies. Annals of Oncology. 2014 Oct;25(10):1901–14.
Ren W, Chen M, Qiao Y, Zhao F. Global guidelines for breast cancer screening: A systematic review. The Breast. 2022 Aug;64:85–99.
Kreklau A, Nel I, Kasimir-Bauer S, Kimmig R, Frackenpohl Ac, Aktas B. An Observational Study on Breast Cancer Survival and Lifestyle Related Risk Factors. In Vivo (Brooklyn). 2021 Feb 23;35(2):1007–15.
Authors who publish with Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia retain the copyright of their work. The journal applies a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0), which grants the following rights:
-
Copyright Retention: Authors retain the copyright of their work, maintaining full control over their intellectual property without restrictions.
-
Right of First Publication: Authors grant the journal the right of first publication of their work. This ensures that the work is initially published and credited in Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia.
-
License to Share and Reuse: The work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0, allowing others to copy, distribute, remix, and build upon the work for any purpose, even commercially, as long as proper credit is given to the authors, and any new creations are licensed under the same terms.
