Analisis Determinan Kejadian Loss to Follow-up (Putus Berobat) pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru : Literature Review
Determinant Analysis of Loss to Follow-up Events in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients : Literature Review
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Tuberculosis merupakan masalah kesehatan global, ditandai dengan meningkatkan angka kesakitan dan resistensi terhadap OAT. Makin tinggi angka resisten TB searah dengan kenaikan loss to follow-up (putus berobat), karena makin banyak yang putus berobat maka pengobatan makin tidak tuntas. Dampaknya semakin memperluas angka penularan TB di masyarakat.
Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor risiko terjadinya loss to follow-up pada pasien Tuberkulosis.
Metode: Metode menggunakan pendekatan literature review dari database Embase, Proquest, Pubmed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar, dengan keywords “determinantâ€, “loss to follow-upâ€, “putus berobatâ€, “tuberculosisâ€, dan “patientâ€, yang dilakukan dalam rentang waktu 2018-2022 dengan menerapkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi.
Hasil: Hasil penelusuran database diperoleh 483 artikel melalui istilah pencarian yang telah ditentukan, yang terdiri dari embase=93, proquest=105, scopus=49, pubmed=174 dan google scholar=62. Dari artikel tersebut tersaring 11 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi untuk dianalisis. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian loss to follow-up pada pasien tuberculosis antara lain jarak tempuh (geografis) lebih dari 10 km dan efek samping obat yang dirasakan pasien menjadikan mereka menghentikan pengobatan. Faktor dukungan keluarga, layanan pada fasilitas kesehatan, status ekonomi (finansial) merupakan faktor risiko lain yang turut berperan terhadap kejadian putus berobat.
Kesimpulan: Diketahui bahwa loss to follow-up dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, antara lain 64,3% loss to follow-up berisiko terjadi pada laki-laki, jarak yang ditempuh pasien menuju pusat pengobatan berisiko terhadap loss to follow-up, selain itu efek samping yang dirasakan memperbesar risiko untuk loss to follow-up selain faktor dukungan keluarga, pelayanan kesehatan, pengetahuan, stigma, hingga kepercayaan.
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