Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Balita : Literature Review
Stunting Risk Factor in Children Under Five Years : Literature Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Stunting pada balita merupakan kondisi yang terjadi akibat kekurangan gizi kronik yang dapat disebabkan karena kurangnya asupan makan yang bergizi ataupun adanya penyakit infeksi yang diderita oleh anak yang jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat maka akan berdampak pada terhambatnya pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan kognitif anak. Banyak sekali faktor risiko tejadinya stunting yang sebenarnya bisa dikendalikan sehingga mencegah terjadinya stunting pada anak.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko terjadinya stunting pada balita
Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan metode literature review dengan menggunakan artikel yang diunduh dari Scopus dengan kata kunci stunting, risk factor, dan under five years. Pencarian artikel juga menggunakan beberapa saringan seperti open access dan artikel berbahasa inggris. Artikel yang digunakan adalah artikel yang terbit dari tahun 2017 hingga 2022.
Hasil: Dari 16 artikel yang telah dianalisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita, diantaranya berat badan anak saat lahir, pendidikan orang tua, usia balita, tingkat kemiskinan, penyakit infeksi, jenis kelamin, Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) ibu, jarak kehamilan, Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak (PMBA), tempat tinggal, dan faktor risiko lainnya.
Kesimpulan: Stunting memiliki faktor risiko yang sangat beragam antar wilayah sehingga diperlukan penelitian yang spesfifik wilayah agar intervensi yang diberikan tepat sasaran, efektif, dan efisien.
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