Malnutrisi Menjadi Indikasi Anemia pada Remaja Putri : Literature Review
Malnutrition as an Indication of Anemia in Adolescent Girls : Literature Review
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Di Indonesia, remaja menghadapi tiga beban malnutrisi yakni kekurangan gizi, kelebihan gizi dan defisiensi mikronutrien. Sekitar seperempat remaja usia 13–18 tahun mengalami stunting, 9% remaja berusia 13–15 tahun kurus atau memiliki Indeks Massa Tubuh rendah, sementara 16% remaja lainnya kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas. Selain itu, seperempat remaja putri menderita anemia.
Tujuan: Untuk mengkaji potensi dari malnutrisi menjadi anemia pada remaja putri.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini yaitu literature review. Dalam mencari artikel dilakukan pencarian menggunakan bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa inggris yang sesuai dengan topik pencarian, dilakukan dengan database antara lain Google Scholar dan PubMed dengan rentang waktu terbit pada tahun 2018 – 2022.
Hasil: Penelusuran artikel penelitian didapatkan 13 artikel berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Dari artikel tersebut bahwa baik kekurangan gizi, kelebihan gizi dan defisiensi mikronutrien memiliki potensi untuk terjadinya anemia terutama pada remaja putri yang dalam pemenuhan zat gizi makro dan mikronya tidak terpenuhi dengan baik.
Kesimpulan: Pada hasil review ini dapat terlihat bahwa malnutrisi ini memiliki dampak yang serius terhadap kesehatan remaja baik masa sekarang dan yang akan datang terutama pada remaja putri. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya upaya penanggulangan anemia pada remaja putri baik promotif maupun preventif.
References
WHO. Primary health care for children and adolescents [Internet]. 2022. 1–610 p. Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/9789289057622
UNICEF. Social and Behaviour Change Communication Strategy: Improving Adolescent Nutrition in Indonesia [Internet]. UNICEF. 2021. 1–83 p. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/media/9221/file/Executive summary of social behavioural change communication strategy.pdf
UNICEF. Adolescent Nutrition Programme Aksi Bergizi: From District Pilot to National Scale-Up. Unicef Indones [Internet]. 2019;1–12. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/media/9211/file/Aksi Bergizi program from pilot districts to national scale up.pdf
Zhang YX, Chen J, Liu XH. Profiles of anemia among school-aged children categorized by body mass index and waist circumference in Shandong, China. Pediatr Neonatol [Internet]. 2021;62(2):165–71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2020.11.002
Kemenkes RI. Pedoman Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Anemia Pada Remaja Putri dan Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) [Internet]. 2018. 59 p. Available from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjFjp3T4bH7AhUtTGwGHU2hCJEQFnoECBEQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgizi.kemkes.go.id%2Fkatalog%2Frevisi-buku-pencegahan-dan-penanggulangan-anemia-pada-rematri-dan-wus.pdf&usg=AOv
RISKESDAS. Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS 2018 [Internet]. Lembaga Penerbit BALITBANGKES. 2019. 628 p. Available from: http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf
WHO. Anaemia Policy Brief. World Heal Organ [Internet]. 2014;(6):1–7. Available from: http://www.who.int//iris/bitstream/10665/148556/1/WHO_NMH_NHD_14.4_eng.pdf
WHO. Malnutrition. 2020;15. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/malnutrition#tab=tab_1
Harahap NR. Faktor- Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Remaja Putri. Nurs Arts [Internet]. 2018;12(2):78–90. Available from: https://poltekkes-sorong.e-journal.id/nursingarts/article/view/78
Telisa I, Eliza. Asupan zat gizi makro, asupan zat besi, kadar haemoglobin dan risiko kurang energi kronis pada remaja putri. AcTion Aceh Nutr J [Internet]. 2020;5(1):80. Available from: http://ejournal.poltekkesaceh.ac.id/index.php/an/article/view/241#
Mutmainnah, Patimah S, Septiyanti. Hubungan kurang energi kronik (KEK) dan wasting dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri di kabupaten majene. Wind Public Heal J [Internet]. 2021;1(5):561–9. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Septiyanti-Septiyanti/publication/350071383_HUBUNGAN_KURANG_ENERGI_KRONIK_KEK_DAN_WASTING_DENGAN_KEJADIAN_ANEMIA_PADA_REMAJA_PUTRI_DI_KABUPATEN_MAJENE/links/604f6a2ca6fdcccfee82c87e/HUBUNGAN-KURANG-ENERGI-KRONIK-KEK-DA
Kounnavong S, Vonglokham M, Kounnavong T, Kwadwo DD, Essink DR. Anaemia among adolescents: assessing a public health concern in Lao PDR. Glob Health Action [Internet]. 2020;13(2):103–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1786997
Oy S, Witjaksono F, Mustafa A, Setyobudi SI, Fahmida U. Problem Nutrients in Adolescent Girls With Anemia Versus Nonanemic Adolescent Girls and the Optimized Food-Based Recommendations to Meet Adequacy of These Nutrients in Adolescent School Girls in East Java , Indonesia. Journals Sagepub [Internet]. 2019;40(3):295–307. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/0379572119851326
WHO. Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization [Internet]. 2021;1–6. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
Hamalding H, Risna R, Susanti SR. Hubungan Gaya Hidup Terhadap Overweight Dan Obesitas Pada Remaja Putri Di Sma Negeri 11 Makassar. J Komunitas Kesehat Masy [Internet]. 2019;1(1):1–6. Available from: https://scholar.archive.org/work/3fsko7vhtnbbhogdkjjhw4wz6a/access/wayback/https://uit.e-journal.id/JKKM/article/download/240/147
Cholifah N, Rusnoto, Himawan R, Trisnawati. Hubungan Siklus Menstruasi dan Indek Massa Tubuh (IMT) Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Remaja Di SMK Islam Jepara. J Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan. 2020;11(2):302–7.
Syah MNH. The Relationship between Obesity and Anemia among Adolescent Girls. Poltekita J Ilmu Kesehat [Internet]. 2022;15(4):355–9. Available from: https://scholar.archive.org/work/ezshb47bsrd4lfbsp56ytn5k6i/access/wayback/https://jurnal.poltekkespalu.ac.id/index.php/JIK/article/download/712/312
Nisa AK, Nissa C, Probosari E. Perbedaan Asupan Gizi Dan Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Remaja Perempuan Obesitas Dan Tidak Obesitas. J Nutr Coll [Internet]. 2019;8(1):21. Available from: https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jnc/article/view/23809
Panichsillaphakit E, Suteerojntrakool O, Pancharoen C, Nuchprayoon I, Chomtho S. The Association between Hepcidin and Iron Status in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. J Nutr Metab [Internet]. 2021;2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8257374/pdf/jnme2021-9944035.pdf
Krishnan V, Zaki RA, Nahar AM, Jalaludin MY, Majid HA. The longitudinal relationship between nutritional status and anaemia among Malaysian adolescents. Lancet Reg Heal - West Pacific [Internet]. 2021;15:100228. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100228
Sari P, Azizah DI, Gumilang L, Judistiani RTD, Mandiri A. Asupan Zat Besi, Asam Folat, dan Vitamin C pada Remaja Putri di Daerah Jatinangor. J Kesehat Vokasional [Internet]. 2019;4(4):169. Available from: http://download.garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/article.php?article=1483382&val=11029&title=Asupan Zat Besi Asam Folat dan Vitamin C pada Remaja Putri di Daerah Jatinangor
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. 
