Efek Kebiasaan Menyirih terhadap Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut : Literature Review
The Effects of Betel Chewing Habits on Dental and Oral Health : Literature Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Perilaku menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut tidak terlepas dari kebiasaan yang dibentuk oleh tradisi dan budaya di masyarakat, seperti kebiasaan menyirih di nusantara. Studi terdahulu menunjukkan kebiasaan menyirih membawa efek samping bagi kesehatan gigi dan mulut.
Tujuan: Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak dari kebiasaan menyirih terhadap kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang telah ditemukan dari penelitian-penelitian terdahulu.
Metode: Tinjauan sistematis ini menggunakan pendekatan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) dalam memilih artikel-artikel penelitian terdahulu. Artikel penelitian didapatkan dengan mengakses tiga database elektronik yaitu Science Direct, Pubmed dan Google Scholar, dengan menggunakan kata kunci “Betel Chewing AND Effect AND Oral Health†dengan pembatasan tahun terbit 2015-2022 dan kriteria inklusi artikel berfokus pada dampak dari kebiasaan menyirih serta tersedia naskah lengkap. Analisis tematik dilakukan pada 12 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria.
Hasil: Secara umum, kebiasaan menyirih berdampak pada jaringan keras dan jaringan lunak gigi dan mulut. Dampak terhadap jaringan keras meliputi ragam masalah gigi (seperti diskolorasi, abrasi, atrisi, dan karies), masalah jaringan periodontal (seperti periodontitis, clinical attachment loss, dan tooth loss), serta masalah sendi rahang (seperti temporomandibular joint disfunction syndrome). Sementara dampak pada jaringan lunak meliputi masalah gingiva, xerostomia, lesi oral pra-kanker, dan kanker mulut. Adapun faktor-faktor yang ditemukan berhubungan dengan dampak dari kebiasann menyirih antara lain adalah durasi dan frekuensi menyirih, serta pengetahuan akan bahaya dari kebiasaan menyirih.
Kesimpulan: Kebiasaan menyirih memiliki beragam dampak pada kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Penelitian lanjutan perlu dilakukan untuk mendalami persepsi masyarakat di wilayah yang rentan dengan kebiasaan menyirih untuk mengembangkan program edukasi mengenai bahaya dari kebiasaan menyirih yang tepat sasaran.
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