Tantangan dan Strategi Manajemen Pasien Tuberculosis di Negara Berkembang Selama Masa Pandemi COVID-19 : Literature Review
Challlenges and Strategies of Tuberculosis Patient Management in Developing Countries Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic : Literature Review
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Penyakit Tuberculosis masih menjadi masalah terutama di negara berkembang. Dengan manajemen yang tepat dapat mengontrol insidensi kasus dan penularan TB. Disrupsi pada salah satu tahapan manajemen karena pandemi COVID-19 berpotensi mempengaruhi tahapan penanganan TB lainnya.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui tantangan pada manajemen pasien TB di negara berkembang selama masa pandemi dan rekomendasi strategi yang efektif dalam mengatasi tantangan tersebut.
Metode: Pencarian literatur secara sistematis dengan protokol PRISMA, menggunakan kata kunci pada 6 database online selama tahun 2020-2022. Penilaian kualitas studi untuk mendapatkan studi terpilih menggunakan daftar tilik JBI critical appraisal.
Hasil: Didapatkan 10 studi terpilih dengan hasil yaitu tantangan manajemen TB di negara berkembang selama pandemi antara lain keterbatasan sumber daya, gangguan kontinuitas pengobatan, penurunan notifikasi kasus baru, kesulitan mengakses fasilitas kesehatan, adanya stigmatisasi masyarakat tentang pasien TB dan COVID-19, misdiagnosis TB dengan COVID-19, penurunan cakupan vaksinasi BCG anak dan peningkatan risiko transmisi TB.
Kesimpulan: Tantangan terbesar manajemen TB di negara berkembang selama pandemi adalah keterbatasan sumber daya dan gangguan kontinuitas pengobatan, sebagai akibat penerapan kebijakan lockdown. Strategi yang direkomendasikan berupa inovasi pada layanan TB yang sudah ada dengan kolaborasi lintas sektoral, perubahan metode pemberian OAT, peningkatan edukasi dan optimalisasi pemanfaatan media virtual.
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