Tinjauan Sistematis terhadap Pengetahuan, Persepsi, Motivasi Masyarakat Tentang Vaksinasi HPV bagi Remaja Putri dan Wanita Usia Subur : Literature Review
Systematic Review of Knowledge, Perception, Community Motivation About HPV Vaccination for Young Women and Women of Reproductive Age : Literature Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Pelaksanaan vaksinasi Human Papilomavirus (HPV) di dunia termasuk Indonesia, yang masih menunjukkan peningkatan yang tergolong rendah dan lambat, sedangkan perkembangan kasus kejadian dan kematian yang diakibatkan kanker serviks masih sangat tinggi dan bertambah setiap tahunnya. Percepatan vaksinasi HPV harus dilakukan karena Indonesia menargetkan bebas kanker serviks di tahun 2030, yang juga merupakan target global WHO yaitu 90 % dari remaja di dunia sudah tervaksinasi HPV.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk melihat tingkat pengetahuan, persepsi, motivasi, serta perilaku untuk melakukan vaksinasi HPV bagi masyarakat khususnya bagi anak - anak remaja muda yang sudah memenuhi syarat usia untuk vaksinasi HPV serta mendorong kelompok berisiko lainnya untuk dapat melakukan vaksinasi HPV secara mandiri.
Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode tinjauan sistematis melalui pencarian artikel dengan penggunaan basis data online PubMed dengan variabel dependen penelitian yaitu vaksinasi HPV, dan variabel independen yaitu pengetahuan, persepsi, motivasi, perilaku.
Hasil: Gambaran kurangnya pengetahuan, persepsi individu, motivasi, serta aspek lainnya, sangat mempengaruhi pola pikir dan sikap masyarakat yang mempengaruhi perilaku masyarakat terhadap pengambilan keputusan untuk melakukan vaksinasi HPV sebagai upaya penurunan risiko terjadinya kanker serviks. Peran dan komitmen orang tua menjadi faktor yang sangat krusial dalam keberlanjutan pelaksanaan vaksinasi HPV pada anak – anak karena dibutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama (2-3 kali vaksinasi dalam kurun waktu 6 bulan) dan biaya yang besar. Vaksinasi dinilai sebagai intervensi kesehatan yang lebih efektif jika dibandingkan dengan biaya intervensi perawatan.
Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan akan manfaat vaksinasi HPV di Indonesia perlu terus ditingkatkan melalui pendidikan kesehatan dan promosi kesehatan dengan penggunaan berbagai saluran informasi dan komunikasi, seperti media massa (cetak dan internet) serta pemanfaatan aplikasi yang telah diterapkan Pemerintah, yang dapat diakses oleh hampir seluruh lapisan masyarakat Indonesia seperti aplikasi PeduliLindungi. Pemerintah juga diharapkan untuk dapat terus mengembangkan skema program subsidi dan penganggaran untuk vaksinasi HPV serta terus memperluas cakupan vaksinasi HPV nasional secara bertahap sehingga dapat memberikan manfaat yang optimal untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat bagi generasi mendatang.
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