Dampak Hambatan Geografis dan Strategi Akses Pelayanan Kesehatan : Literature Review
Impact of Geographical Barriers and Strategies for Access to Health Services : Literature Review
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Layanan kesehatan harus dapat diakses oleh semua masyarakat. Penentuan lokasi layanan kesehatan memberi arti dalam kemudahan layanan yang dapat dibeli, diterima, dan digunakan oleh masyarakat (accessibility). Aksesibilitas dalam konteks kesehatan adalah tersedianya pelayanan kesehatan yang dapat diakses pada saat dibutuhkan oleh individu.
Tujuan: Untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis artikel yang berhubungan dengan dampak hambatan geografis dan strategi akses pelayanan kesehatan melalui tinjauan literatur.
Metode: Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada 3 online database (PubMed, Scopus, dan ProQuest). Artikel dipilah dengan membaca judul, abstrak, dan naskah lengkap. Kriteria inklusi pada penelitian ini adalah artikel dalam Bahasa Inggris, diterbitkan pada tahun 2012-2022 dengan topik dampak hambatan geografis dan strategi akses pelayanan kesehatan.
Hasil: Didapatkan tiga belas artikel, enam di antaranya (46,15%) mendeskripsikan hambatan geografis, dampak hambatan geografis, dan menjabarkan solusi untuk mengatasi hambatan geografis tersebut. Tujuh artikel sisanya membahas hambatan geografis terhadap akses fasilitas kesehatan dan dampaknya pada sistem pelayanan kesehatan.
Kesimpulan: Melalui pemahaman mengenai dampak hambatan geografis terhadap akses pelayanan kesehatan, maka dapat disusun beberapa strategi yang dapat dilakukan oleh penyedia layanan kesehatan untuk mengatasi hambatan geografis, antara lain pemanfaatan sistem informasi geografis; fasilitas kesehatan mobile, dan telemedisin.
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