Hubungan Usia dan Jenis Kelamin terhadap Kematian Covid-19 di Kota Depok
The Relationship Between Age and Sex with Mortality of COVID-19 in Depok City
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19, menyebar dengan cepat ke berbagai negara dan menyebabkan prevalensi, mortality rate dan case fatality rate terus meningkat secara signifikan. Kematian kasus positif COVID-19 terus meningkat di Indonesia khususnya di Kota Depok, dan hanya sedikit bukti yang tersedia yang menyoroti perspektif usia dan jenis kelamin dari penyakit ini.
Tujuan: Untuk mempelajari hubungan antara jenis kelamin dan usia pada pasien meninggal di antara kasus positif COVID-19.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain case control. Populasi penelitian adalah pasien COVID-19 yang terdata pada Pusat Informasi Covid-19 Depok (PICODEP) dengan sampel adalah 87 pasien. Rasio perbandingan kasus dan kontrol adalah 1:4. Sehingga total sampel yaitu 435 pasien. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data sekunder yaitu data surveilans pasien konfirmasi Covid-19 di Kota Depok periode bulan Juni – September 2021. Peneliti menggunakan uji chi square untuk melihat hubungan antara usia dan jenis kelamin terhadap kematian COVID-19
Hasil : Pada variabel jenis kelamin dipeloreh nilai p-value 0,046 artinya p < α (0,05) berarti ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin laki – laki dengan kejadian kematian pada pasien COVID-19. Dari analisis didapatkan nilai OR = 1,663 yang menunjukkan bahwa pada pasien covid-19 laki – laki berisiko 1,663 kali untuk mengalami kejadian kematian pada pasien COVID-19 dibandingkan perempuan. Selanjutnya, pada variabel usia menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kelompok usia manula dengan kejadian kematian pada pasien COVID-19 Covid-19 p-value 0,007 dengan kelompok usia manula berisiko 14,4 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami kejadian kematian pada pasien COVID-19 Covid-19 dibandingkan kelompok usia balita (OR: 14,400; 95% CI: 1,640 – 126,443 nilai p=0.007).
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara usia dan jenis kelamin terhadap kematian COVID-19
Downloads
References
- Carenzo L, Elli D, Mainetti M, et al. 2020. A dedicated multidisciplinary safety briefing for the COVID-19 critical care. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 60:102882. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102882.
- Chen N S, Zhou M, Dong X et al. 2020. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 395(10223):507–513
- Triggle C.R., Bansal D., Ding H., Islam M.M., Farag E.A.B.A., Hadi H.A and Sultan A.A. 2021. A Comprehensive Review of Viral Characteristics, Transmission, Pathophysiology, Immune Response, and Management of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 as a Basis for Controlling the Pandemic. Frointiers in Immunology. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.631139
- Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y., et al. 2020. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. Doi. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
- Ciotti M, Ciccozzi M, Terrinoni A, Jiang W.C, Wang C.B, Bernardini S. 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 57(6):365-388. doi: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1783198.
- Lenti, M.V., Aronico, N., Pellegrino, I. et al. 2020. Depletion of circulating IgM memory B cells predicts unfavourable outcome in COVID-19. Sci Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77945-8
- Karlinsky A and Kobak D. 2021. Tracking excess mortality across countries during the COVID-19 pandemic with the World Mortality Dataset. eLife. doi: 10.7554/eLife.69336
- Dingtao H, Xiaoqi L, Nana M, Zhen L, • Ying T, Yanfeng Z, Fang Wang. 2021. Influence of age and sex on the epidemic of COVID-19: Evidence from 177 countries and territories—an exploratory, ecological study. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 133:321–330 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-021-01816-z
- Sarkar A and Chouhan P. 2020. COVID-19: District level vulnerability assessment in India. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2020.08.017
- Kushwaha A, Khanna P, Rajagopal V, Kiran T. 2021. Biological attributes of age and sex variations in Indian COVID-19 cases: A retrospective data analysis. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100788.
- Simon A K, Hollander G A and Mc.Michael A. 2015. Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age. Proc Biol Sci. 282(1821):2014308
- Pijls B.G, Jolani S, Atherley A, Derckx R.T, et al. 2020. Demographic risk factors for COVID-19 infection, severity, ICU admission and death: a meta-analysis of 59 studies. BMJ Open. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044640
- Liu R, Han H, Liu F et al. 2020. Positive rate of RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 4880 cases from one hospital in Wuhan, China, from Jan to Feb 2020. Clin Chim Acta 505:172– 175. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.009.
- Rizzo P., Sega F.V.D., Fortini F., Marracino L., Rapezzi C and Ferrari R. 2020. COVID-19 in the heart and the lungs: could we “Notch†the inflammatory storm?. Basic Res Cardiol. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-020-0791-5
- Laia C.C, Liu Y.H, Wang C.Y et al. 2020. Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 53(3);404-412.
- Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. 2020. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 20(30): 30566-3
- Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W et al. 2020. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 36(20):30566-3.
- Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O'Neil N, et al. 2020. World Health Organization declares Global Emergency: A review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.03.036
- Opal S. M, Timothy D. Girard, E. Wesley Ely, The Immunopathogenesis of Sepsis in Elderly Patients, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 41;S504–S512, doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/432007
