Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Demensia : Literature Review
Factors that are Associated with the Occurrence of Dementia : Literature Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Demensia sering dianggap sebagai penyakit yang sering terjadi pada usia lanjut, sehingga gejala yang muncul seringkali tidak terdeteksi, sementara gejala dapat dirasakan pada usia muda (early onset of dementia), sehingga pada tahap pra lanjut usia, pencegahan tidak dilakukan.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian demensia.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi literatur. Literatur bersumber dari 3 database jurnal: PubMed, Wiley Online Library, dan Google Scholar yang dapat diakses secara terbuka. Literatur yang diperoleh dipilih sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditentukan seperti artikel full-text, diterbitkan mulai tahun 2017 sampai tahun 2022, artikel menggunakan Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Indonesia, penelitian yang berfokus pada kejadian demensia, dan bukan merupakan artikel studi literatur.
Hasil: Pencarian menghasilkan 12 artikel untuk ditinjau. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah faktor host dan environment berhubungan dengan kejadian demensia. Penelitian mengenai faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian demensia menemukan faktor host yang mencakup usia, jenis kelamin, ras dan etnis, sikap, pendidikan, pendapatan, kondisi kesehatan, dan status perkawinan, serta faktor environment yaitu, tempat tinggal, pelayanan kesehatan, dukungan sosial, interaksi sosial, dan sumber informasi.
Kesimpulan: Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian demensia ditemukan di semua literatur yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, ras dan etnis, pendidikan, sikap, kondisi kesehatan, pendapatan, status perkawinan, tempat tinggal, pelayanan kesehatan, dukungan sosial, interaksi sosial, dan sumber informasi. Sebagian besar faktor memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian demensia.
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