Maskulinitas dan Perilaku Mencari Bantuan Kesehatan Mental pada Laki-laki di Negara Berkembang : Literature Review
Masculinity and Male Mental Health Help Seeking Behavior in Developing Countries : Literature Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Maskulinitas laki-laki ditemukan menjadi salah satu faktor yang membentuk stigma dalam perilaku mencari bantuan psikologis. Terdapat anggapan bahwa membuka diri atas distres emosional laki-laki dianggap lemah dan tidak maskulin.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan evidence yang sudah tersedia terkait pengaruh maskulinitas terhadap perilaku mencari bantuan kesehatan mental pada laki-laki di negara berkembang.
Metode: Literature Review ini menggunakan kerangka dari Arksey and O’Malley, yang terdiri dari mengidentifikasi pertanyaan review; mencari evidence yang relevan; menyeleksi studi yang relevan; memetakan data; dan mendiskusikan, menyimpulkan dan melaporkan hasil. PRISMA flowchart digunakan untuk menampilkan alur pencarian evidence.
Hasil: Hasil penyaringan artikel menemukan lima artikel yang relevan dengan topik penelitian. Review ini menampilkan empat tema yaitu maskulinitas dan kesehatan mental, kerentanan pada laki-laki, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi maskulinitas laki-laki, dan perilaku mencari bantuan kesehatan mental pada laki-laki.
Kesimpulan: Keyakinan individu dan fenomena yang terjadi di sekitar laki-laki mengenai kesehatan mental erat kaitannya dengan ideologi maskulinitas tradisional, stigma dan stereotip maskulinitas yang harus selalu tampak kuat dan tidak boleh menunjukkan kerentanan karena dianggap sebagai tanda kelemahan yang menjadi penghambat dan berdampak pada sikap negatif laki-laki dalam mencari bantuan kesehatan mental professional. Selain itu, tantangan yang dihadapi oleh negara berkembang di mana fasilitas kesehatan yang belum optimal atau belum merata menambah hambatan untuk tindakan ini.
References
Jones LJ, Iqbal Z, Airey ND, Brown SR, dan Burbudge F. 2019. Barriers o Help-Seeking in Suicidal Men: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Psychiatry. 4(2)1-5. DOI:10.33140/IJP.04.02.06
UNICEF. 2019. Global Burden of Disease Study. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) diunduh dari https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-health/mental-health/ pada 1 Oktober 2022
Brown, JSL., Sagar Ouriaghli, I., & Sullivan, L. (2019). Help-Seeking Among Men for Mental Health Problems dalam The Palgrave Handbook of Male Psychology and Mental Health. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04384-1_20
WHO. 2019. Global Health Observatory data repository. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.MHSUICIDEASDR?lang=en
Gulliver, A., Griffiths, K.M., & Christensen, H. (2010). Perceived barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking in young people: A systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 10:113
Idris DR, Forrest S, dan Brown S. 2019. Health help-seeking by men in Brunei Darussalam: masculinities and ‘doing’ male identities across the life course. Sociology of Health & Illness. 41(6):1071-1087. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.12885
Burns JR dan Rapee RM. 2006. Adolescent mental health literacy: young people's knowledge of depression and help seeking. Journal of Adolescence. 29(2):225-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.05.004.
Altweck L, Marshall T, Nelli F, Lefringhausen K. 2015. Mental health literacy: a cross-cultural approach to knowledge and beliefs about depression, schizophrenia and generalized anxiety disorder. Frontiers in Psychology. 6. DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01272
United Nations. 2019. Data sources, country classification and aggregation methodology.
Kopinak, JK. 2015. Mental Health in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities in Introducing Western Mental Health System in Uganda. International Journal MCH AIDS 3(1):22-30. PMID: 27621983; PMCID: PMC4948168.
Rojas G, Martinez V, Martinez P, Franco P, dan Jimenez-Molina A. 2019. Improving Mental Health Care in Developing Countries Through Digital Technologies: A Mini Narrative Review of the Chilean Case. Frontiers in Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00391
Chandrasekara, W. S. (2016). Help Seeking Attitudes and Willingness to Seek Psychological Help: Application of the Theory of Planed Behavior. International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics, 3(4), 233-245.
Nurhayati E, Astuti AW, dan Fitriahadi E. 2020. Scoping Review tentang Partisipasi Suami pada Masa Perinatal. Midwifery Journal. 5(2):97-106
Merikangas KR., He J-P, Burstein M., Swendsen, J, Avenevoli, S, Case B., Georgiades K, Heaton L. Swanson S, dan Olfson M. 2011. Service utilization for lifetime mental disorders in US adolescents: results of the National Comorbidity Survey–Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 50(1), 32–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.10.006
Firdiyogi N. 2022. Konstruksi Sosial Maskulinitas Positif dan Kesehatan Mental: Studi Fenomenologi Toxic Masculinity pada Generasi Z. [Skripsi]. Universitas Islam negeri Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri, Purwokerto
Anapey GM, Adu-Marfo AO, dan Kwapong OATF. 2021. Conceptualising Male Vulnerability in a Ghanaian Context: Implications for Adult Education and Counselling. Journal of Black Studies. 52(4):379-402. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934721992262
Agbayani BEM., Villaflor PIATM., Villaret NPB., dan Hechanova RM. 2019. The role of Filipino masculine ideology on the adaptive coping, psychological well-being and vicarious trauma of first responders. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1561736
Fatahya dan Abidin FA. 2022. Literasi Kesehatan Mental dan Status Kesehatan Mental Dewasa Awal. Pengguna Media Sosial. Higeia Journal of Public Health Research and Development. 6(2):165-175.https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v6i2.49871
Clark LH, Hudson JL, Rapee RM, dan Grasby KL. 2020. Investigating the impact of masculinity on the relationship between anxiety specific mental health literacy and mental health help-seeking in adolescent males. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102292.
Ogueji IA dan Okoloba MM. 2022. Seeking Professional Help for Mental Illness: A Mixed-Methods Study of Black Family Members in the UK and Nigeria. Psychological Studies. 67(2):164-177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-022-00650-1
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
O’Flaherty, R. 2017. Factors affecting psychological help-seeking in men. [Desertation]. University of Warwick, Inggris
Mak, HW., Davis, JM. 2013. The application of the theory of planned behavior to help-seeking intention in a Chinese society. Pringer Journal: Social Psychiatry Epidemiology. DOI 10.1007/s00127-013-0792-x
Boston University School of Public Health. Behavioral Change Models: The Theory of Planned Behavior. https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/sb/behavioralchangetheories/BehavioralChangeTheories3.html#:~:text=Subjective%20norms%20%2D%20This%20refers%20to,should%20engage%20in%20the%20behavior diakses pada 1 Oktober 2022
Srebnik, D., Cauce, AM., & baydar, N. Help Seeking Pathway fro Children and Adolescents. Journal of Emotional and Behaviioral Disorders Vol.4, 4:210-220
Authors who publish with Journal of Public Health and Pharmacy retain the copyright of their work. The journal applies a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0), which grants the following rights:
-
Copyright Retention: Authors retain the copyright of their work, maintaining full control over their intellectual property without restrictions.
-
Right of First Publication: Authors grant the journal the right of first publication of their work. This ensures that the work is initially published and credited in Journal of Public Health and Pharmacy.
-
License to Share and Reuse: The work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0, allowing others to copy, distribute, remix, and build upon the work for any purpose, even commercially, as long as proper credit is given to the authors, and any new creations are licensed under the same terms.
