Maskulinitas dan Perilaku Mencari Bantuan Kesehatan Mental pada Laki-laki di Negara Berkembang : Literature Review
Masculinity and Male Mental Health Help Seeking Behavior in Developing Countries : Literature Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Maskulinitas laki-laki ditemukan menjadi salah satu faktor yang membentuk stigma dalam perilaku mencari bantuan psikologis. Terdapat anggapan bahwa membuka diri atas distres emosional laki-laki dianggap lemah dan tidak maskulin.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan evidence yang sudah tersedia terkait pengaruh maskulinitas terhadap perilaku mencari bantuan kesehatan mental pada laki-laki di negara berkembang.
Metode: Literature Review ini menggunakan kerangka dari Arksey and O’Malley, yang terdiri dari mengidentifikasi pertanyaan review; mencari evidence yang relevan; menyeleksi studi yang relevan; memetakan data; dan mendiskusikan, menyimpulkan dan melaporkan hasil. PRISMA flowchart digunakan untuk menampilkan alur pencarian evidence.
Hasil: Hasil penyaringan artikel menemukan lima artikel yang relevan dengan topik penelitian. Review ini menampilkan empat tema yaitu maskulinitas dan kesehatan mental, kerentanan pada laki-laki, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi maskulinitas laki-laki, dan perilaku mencari bantuan kesehatan mental pada laki-laki.
Kesimpulan: Keyakinan individu dan fenomena yang terjadi di sekitar laki-laki mengenai kesehatan mental erat kaitannya dengan ideologi maskulinitas tradisional, stigma dan stereotip maskulinitas yang harus selalu tampak kuat dan tidak boleh menunjukkan kerentanan karena dianggap sebagai tanda kelemahan yang menjadi penghambat dan berdampak pada sikap negatif laki-laki dalam mencari bantuan kesehatan mental professional. Selain itu, tantangan yang dihadapi oleh negara berkembang di mana fasilitas kesehatan yang belum optimal atau belum merata menambah hambatan untuk tindakan ini.
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