Faktor-faktor Risiko Stunting pada Balita di Indonesia: Suatu Scoping Review
Stunting Risk Factors in Children Under Five in Indonesia: A Scoping Review
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan tantangan fundamental dalam perkembangan manusia. Identifikasi faktor-faktor risiko yang tepat dapat menurunkan prevalensi stunting pada balita dan mencegah konsekuensi berkepanjangan terkait stunting pada masa balita hingga dewasa.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti publikasi artikel ilmiah terkait faktor-faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia.
Metode: Scoping Review dengan kriteria kelayakan antara lain a) artikel akademis dari database online ProQuest, ScienceDirect, PubMed dan Scopus, b) artikel terbit dalam 10 tahun, yaitu tahun 2011 hingga tahun 2021, c) menggunakan Bahasa Inggris, d) populasi penelitian yaitu anak usia dibawah lima tahun (balita) di Indonesia, e) dampak yang diukur yaitu stunting. Pengelolaan artikel menggunakan Mendeley dengan 4 tahap proses seleksi artikel: identifikasi, skrining, kelayakan dan inklusi.
Hasil: Dalam 10 tahun terakhir terdapat 12 artikel terkait faktor-faktor risiko stunting pada balita di Indonesia dengan 9 variabel yang paling banyak diidentifikasi sebagai faktor risiko stunting yaitu status ekonomi rumah tangga, jenis kelamin anak, BBLR, pendidikan orang tua/ pengasuh, tinggi badan orang tua, usia anak, ASI eksklusif, riwayat infeksi, dan MPASI.
Kesimpulan: Dari 9 variabel hanya 4 variabel yaitu BBLR, ASI eksklusif, MPASI serta riwayat infeksi sebagai variabel yang dapat diintervensi dan paling banyak diidentifikasi sebagai faktor risiko stunting. Penelitian longitudinal dapat dilakukan sebagai penelitian lanjutan untuk memastikan hubungan kausa antara BBLR, praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif dan MPASI serta Riwayat infeksi terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia.
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