Analisis Risiko Ergonomi dan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Pekerja Seismik di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Ergonomic Risk Analysis and Complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) of Seismic Workers in South Sumatra Province
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Ergonomi merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan. Sikap kerja yang tidak sesuai dapat menimbulkan keluhan berupa nyeri otot yang disebabkan oleh postur kerja yang tidak alami akibat tuntutan tugas, alat kerja dan tempat kerja yang tidak sesuai dengan kemampuan kerja. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) adalah cedera atau gangguan otot, syaraf, tendon, sendi, tulang rawan dan cakram tulang belakang akibat kondisi akibat lingkungan, aktivitas dan kondisi kerja. Minyak dan Gas Bumi (Migas) merupakan komoditas penting, tidak saja pada masa lalu dan saat ini, tetapi juga masih akan berperan sebagai penyumbang terbesar energi dunia beberapa dekade kedepan. Salah satu kegiatan hulu migas dalam usaha mencari cadangan migas yaitu survey seismik.
Tujuan: Salah satu masalah kesehatan yang paling sering diderita oleh pekerja dalam kegiatan ini adalah gangguan muskuloskeletal berupa keluhan pada bagian otot rangka yang dirasakan seseorang mulai dari keluhan yang sangat ringan hingga sangat sakit.
Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada pekerja seismik di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan menggunakan metode kuantitatif studi analitik cross sectional dengan jumlah populasi 702 pekerja. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuisioner dan pengukuran risiko ergonomi menggunakan lembar kerja REBA, sedangkan untuk keluhan MSDs menggunakan Nordic Body Map (NBM). Keluhan MSDs paling banyak ada pada betis kiri sebesar 78(39,2%), betis kanan sebesar 63(31,7%) dan pinggang sebesar 17(8,5%). leher, bahu kanan, bahu kiri, dan punggung masing-masing sebesar 16(8%), kaki kiri sebesar 11(5,5%), kaki kanan sebesar 9(4,5%), pergelangan kaki kanan sebesar 8(4%), tangan kiri sebesar 7(3,5%), pergelangan tangan kanan dan pergelangan kaki kiri masing-masing 5(2,5%), pergeangan tangan kiri, tangan kanan dan paha kanan masing-masing 3(1,5%), lutut kanan dan lutut kiri masing-masing 2(1%) sampel.
Hasil: Analisis tingkat risiko ergonomi menggunakan REBA dan WAC berdasarkan postur, beban, durasi dan frekuensi dari aktivitas pekerja seismik migas didapatkan risiko yang paling rendah ada pada kegiatan pengukuran lintasan yaitu medium risk, sedangkan hampir semua aktivitas memiliki tingkat risiko very high risk kecuali pengangkatan loading pull dan pre loading yang memiliki tingkat risiko high risk. Hasil penelitian ini adalah berdasarkan aktivitas pekerja seismik migas didapatkan risiko yang paling rendah ada pada kegiatan pengukuran lintasan yaitu medium risk, sedangkan hampir semua aktivitas memiliki tingkat risiko very high risk kecuali pengangkatan loading pull dan pre loading yang memiliki tingkat risiko high risk. Jenis pekerjaan berhubungan dengan keluhan MSDs pada pergelangan tangan kanan, kaki kanan, kaki kiri, leher, punggung dan pinggang.
Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan aktivitas pekerja seismik migas didapatkan risiko yang paling rendah ada pada kegiatan pengukuran lintasan yaitu medium risk, sedangkan hampir semua aktivitas memiliki tingkat risiko very high risk kecuali pengangkatan loading pull dan pre loading yang memiliki tingkat risiko high risk.
References
A. Kolawole, W.A. Buari. 2014. Evaluation of The Impact of Manual Tasks On Workers In An Oil Servicing Company. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) Vol. 04, Issue 08 PP 08-13.
A. Thongpradit, A. Dusadi-Isariyavong, A. Jongpainboonkit, J. Kim. 2016. The Survey for Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Workers Performing Manual Material Handling Work. International Petroleum Technology Conference IPTC-18827-MS.
AAOS. Smoking and Muskuloskeletal health. The American Academic for Orthopaedic Surgeons. September 2021. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/smoking-and-musculoskeletal-health/ diakses pada 24 November 2021.
Abo Salem MA, Mahrous OA, Kasemy ZA, Allam HK, Mohsen M. 2017. Prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among natural gas field workers. Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine, 2017; 41 (1): 19-33.
Acevedo R. Gloria, Claros Liliana, Rodriguez Paola, Ulloa J. Hernan, Villarreal Gonzalo. 2014. Intervention Program to Control Cardiovascular and Musculoskeletal Risks for Oil and Gas Industry Employees. SPE 168564.
Ademoyegun, Adekola B., et al. "Musculoskeletal Disorders and Treatment." (2021).
Al-Bashaireh, Ahmad M., et al. The effect of tobacco smoking on musculoskeletal health: a systematic review. Journal of environmental and public health, 2018, 2018.
Amelia. 2011. Analisis Risiko Ergonomi Terhadap Kejadian Musculoskeletal Disorders di PT Bintang Gasing Persada Tahun 2011. Palembang. Bina Husada.
Andriyono, Reandy Ilham, et al. Analisis Faktor Determinan Keluhan Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder Pada Karyawan Bagian Teknisi dan Operator di Perusahaan Gas Negara Solution Area Lampung. 2019.
Andriyono, Reandy Ilham, et al. The Analysis of Gripe Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder Determinant Factor to The Operator and Technician Employees in Perusahaan Gas Negara Solution Sector Lampung. MAJORITY, 2021, 10.1: 27-36.
Asare, Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah, et al. Health and well-being of rotation workers in the mining, offshore oil and gas, and construction industry: a systematic review. BMJ Global Health, 2021, 6.7: e005112.
Bedno SA, Jackson R, Feng X, et al. Meta-analysis of Cigarette Smoking and Musculoskeletal Injuries in Military Training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2017 Nov;49(11):2191-2197. DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001349. PMID: 28614193.
Benson, Chizubem, et al. Assessing the common occupational health hazards and their health risks among oil and gas workers. Safety science, 2021, 140: 105284.
Borayek G.E, El-Toukhy M.A, Abd El Azeem A.M. 2011. Impact of onshore oil drilling works on musculoskeletal system and quality of life among a group of Egyptian drilling workers. Zagazig Medical Journal Vol. (17), No( 4) Oct.,2011.
Dordi Hoivik. 1998. Ergonomic design and musculoskeletal disorders on platforms in the North Sea. Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc 46757.
DOSH. 2018. Guidelines for Manual Handling at Workplace. Malaysia: DOSH.
Esmailzadeh, Arezou, et al. Assessment of Effective Risk Factors Leading to Musculoskeletal Disorders in Jobs of a Central Repair Workshop in an Oil Refinery using Relative Stress Index. Archives of Hygiene Sciences, 2020, 9.3: 205-213.
F. Sadeghian, A. Sadeghian, M. Raei, A. Kasaeian. 2012. Musculoskeletal Disorders among Oil Field Workers : Influences of Health Beliefs, Mental Health and Somatisation Tendency. J. Med. Sci., 12(4): 114-120.
Ge H, Sun X, Liu J, Zhang C. The Status of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Its Influence on the Working Ability of Oil Workers in Xinjiang, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(5):842.
Goncalves, Carolina Gomes da Silva Tolentino, et al. Risk factors for sick leave in Brazilian oil industry workers. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2021, 1-9.
Haji Omid Kaltea, Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh, Nahid Rahmanid.2017. Prevalence of musculoskeletal pains and effect of work-related factors among employees on offshore oil and gas installations in Iran. DOI:10.3233/WOR-182818.
Hassanvand, Davoud, et al. Ergonomic evaluation of the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders using quick exposure check (QEC) method among staff of a oil refinery in Iran. Health and Development Journal, 2020, 7.2: 164-179.
Hita-Gutierrez, Manuel, et al. An overview of REBA method applications in the world. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020, 17.8: 2635.
Jozo Bresic, Bojana Knezevic, Milan Milosevic, Tomislav Tomljanovic. 2007. Stress and Work Ability in Oil Industry Workers. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2007;58:399-405.
Kalteh, Haji Omid; Khoskhakhlagh, Amir Hossein; Rahmani, Nahid. Prevalence of musculoskeletal pains and effect of work-related factors among employees on offshore oil and gas installations in Iran. Work, 2018, 61.3: 347-355.
Kanwal, Noreen; Isha, Ahmad Shahrul Nizam; BT Salleh, Rohani. Social media connectivity and its effect on job stress among office employees in oil and gas sector Malaysia. In: SHS Web of Conferences. EDP Sciences, 2021. p. 08006.
Khosravi, Y., et al. Relationship between Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) with Knowledge and Behavior of the office workers in an Oil and Gas Company in Iran. 2018.
Lemeshow. 1997. Besar Sampel dalam Penelitian Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Lim, Mei Ching, et al. Landscaping Work: Work-related Musculoskeletal Problems and Ergonomic Risk Factors. Risk management and healthcare policy, 2021, 14: 3411.
Mahmoud E. Abu Salema, Omaima A. Mahrousa, Zeinab A. Kasemya, Heba K. Allama, Mohamed M. Hasan El-Kholyb. 2016. Prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among natural gas field workers. Menoufia Medical Journal 2017, 30:813–817.
Majid Motamedzade, Mohammad Reza Ashuri, Rostam Golmohammadi, Hossein Mahjub. 2011. Comparison of Ergonomic Risk Assessment Outputs from Rapid Entire Body Assessment and Quick Exposure Check in an Engine Oil Company. Journal of Research in Health Sciences; 11(1): 26-32.
Marcial Velasco Garrido, Janika Mette, Stefanie Mache, Volker Harth, Alexandra M. Preisser. 2020. Musculoskeletal pain among offshore wind industry workers: a cross‑sectional study. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health (2020) 93:899–909.
Mohammadi, Ghorbanali. Association Between Prevalence Of Self-Reported Musculoskeletal Disorders and General Health Among Iranian Oil Refinery Workers. Journal of Musculoskeletal Research, 2020, 23.01: 2050002.
NIOSH. 1997. Element of Ergonomics Programs – A Primer Based on Workplace Evaluations of Musculoskeletal Disorders. Columbia : NIOSH.
NIOSH. 1997. Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors. Cincinnati : NIOSH.
Pheasant S. 1999. Body Spaces : Second Edition. Great Britain : TJ International Ltd. Padstow Cornwall.
Ramadhan, Muhammad Audy; Malaka, Tan; Fitri, Agita Diora. Hubungan Risiko Ergonomi dengan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada Pekerja Buruh di PT. Xylo Indah Pratama Sumatera Selatan. Majalah Kedokteran Sriwijaya, 2017, 49.1: 18-23.
Ridwan M. 2007. Skala Pengukuran Variabel-variabel Penelitian. Bandung : Alfabeta.
Roberts S, Colombier P, Sowman A, et al. Ageing in the musculoskeletal system. Acta Orthop. 2016;87(sup363):15-25. doi:10.1080/17453674.2016.1244750.
Sahu S, Sett M. 2010. Ergonomic Evaluation of Task Performed by Female Workers in the Unorganized Sectors of the Manual Brick Manufacturing Units in India. Ergonomics SA, 22(1), 2-16.
Salema, Mahmoud E. Abu, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among natural gas field workers. Menoufia Medical Journal, 2017, 30.3: 813.
Sari, Verdia Apriliana. Gambaran Beberapa Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Keluhan Low Back Pain Pada Pekerja Kantor Di PPSDM Migas Cepu. 2020. PhD Thesis. Universitas Airlangga.
Siagian M. E. 2014. Analisis Faktor Risiko Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) pada Pekerja PT Arwana Anugerah Keramik TBK Ogan Ilir Tahun 2014.
Simamora, Astri Sofia Marselina. Hubungan Faktor Individu dan Faktor Pekerjaan dengan Tingkat Kelelahan Kerja pada Pengemudi Truk Tangki BBM di PT X Tahun 2019. 2019. PhD Thesis. Universitas Binawan.
Sugiyono. 2011. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung : Penerbit Alfabeta.
Tang, Kuok Ho Daniel. A Review of psychosocial models for the development of musculoskeletal disorders and common psychosocial instruments. Archives of Current Research International, 2020, 9-19.
Tarwaka. 2004. Ergonomi untuk Keselamatan, Kesehatan Kerja dan Produktivitas. Surabaya.
Tarwaka. 2015. Ergonomi Industri – Dasar-dasar Pengetahuan Ergonomi dan Aplikasi di Tempat Kerja. Surakarta : Harapan Press.
Tone Morken, Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum, Bente E. Moen. 2007. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Norway’s offshore petroleum industry. Occupational Medicine 2007;57:112–117.
Ulloa J. Hernan, Rodriguez M. Paola. 2012. Assessment and Strategic Approach for Ergonomic Issues in Critical Jobs in the Oil and Gas Workforce. SPE 157451.
Vosough, Shahram, et al. Ergonomic Assessment of Working Postures Using NERPA and REBA Methods (Case Study: Abadan Oil Refinery). Archives of Occupational Health, 2020, 4.3: 632-641.
W Q Chen, I T-S Yu, T W Wong. 2005. Impact of occupational stress and other psychosocial factors on musculoskeletal pain among Chinese offshore oil installation workers. Occup Environ Med 2005; 62:251–256.
Zakinah Arlina. 2016. Analisis Risiko Ergonomi dan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada Pekerja Wanita Pengangkut Batu Bata di Desa Pangkalan Benteng Kec. Talang Kelapa Kab. Banyuasin Sumsel. Palembang. Universitas Sriwijaya.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. 
