Analisis Risiko Ergonomi dan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Pekerja Seismik di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Ergonomic Risk Analysis and Complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) of Seismic Workers in South Sumatra Province
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Ergonomi merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan. Sikap kerja yang tidak sesuai dapat menimbulkan keluhan berupa nyeri otot yang disebabkan oleh postur kerja yang tidak alami akibat tuntutan tugas, alat kerja dan tempat kerja yang tidak sesuai dengan kemampuan kerja. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) adalah cedera atau gangguan otot, syaraf, tendon, sendi, tulang rawan dan cakram tulang belakang akibat kondisi akibat lingkungan, aktivitas dan kondisi kerja. Minyak dan Gas Bumi (Migas) merupakan komoditas penting, tidak saja pada masa lalu dan saat ini, tetapi juga masih akan berperan sebagai penyumbang terbesar energi dunia beberapa dekade kedepan. Salah satu kegiatan hulu migas dalam usaha mencari cadangan migas yaitu survey seismik.
Tujuan: Salah satu masalah kesehatan yang paling sering diderita oleh pekerja dalam kegiatan ini adalah gangguan muskuloskeletal berupa keluhan pada bagian otot rangka yang dirasakan seseorang mulai dari keluhan yang sangat ringan hingga sangat sakit.
Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada pekerja seismik di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan menggunakan metode kuantitatif studi analitik cross sectional dengan jumlah populasi 702 pekerja. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuisioner dan pengukuran risiko ergonomi menggunakan lembar kerja REBA, sedangkan untuk keluhan MSDs menggunakan Nordic Body Map (NBM). Keluhan MSDs paling banyak ada pada betis kiri sebesar 78(39,2%), betis kanan sebesar 63(31,7%) dan pinggang sebesar 17(8,5%). leher, bahu kanan, bahu kiri, dan punggung masing-masing sebesar 16(8%), kaki kiri sebesar 11(5,5%), kaki kanan sebesar 9(4,5%), pergelangan kaki kanan sebesar 8(4%), tangan kiri sebesar 7(3,5%), pergelangan tangan kanan dan pergelangan kaki kiri masing-masing 5(2,5%), pergeangan tangan kiri, tangan kanan dan paha kanan masing-masing 3(1,5%), lutut kanan dan lutut kiri masing-masing 2(1%) sampel.
Hasil: Analisis tingkat risiko ergonomi menggunakan REBA dan WAC berdasarkan postur, beban, durasi dan frekuensi dari aktivitas pekerja seismik migas didapatkan risiko yang paling rendah ada pada kegiatan pengukuran lintasan yaitu medium risk, sedangkan hampir semua aktivitas memiliki tingkat risiko very high risk kecuali pengangkatan loading pull dan pre loading yang memiliki tingkat risiko high risk. Hasil penelitian ini adalah berdasarkan aktivitas pekerja seismik migas didapatkan risiko yang paling rendah ada pada kegiatan pengukuran lintasan yaitu medium risk, sedangkan hampir semua aktivitas memiliki tingkat risiko very high risk kecuali pengangkatan loading pull dan pre loading yang memiliki tingkat risiko high risk. Jenis pekerjaan berhubungan dengan keluhan MSDs pada pergelangan tangan kanan, kaki kanan, kaki kiri, leher, punggung dan pinggang.
Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan aktivitas pekerja seismik migas didapatkan risiko yang paling rendah ada pada kegiatan pengukuran lintasan yaitu medium risk, sedangkan hampir semua aktivitas memiliki tingkat risiko very high risk kecuali pengangkatan loading pull dan pre loading yang memiliki tingkat risiko high risk.
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