Risiko Infeksi COVID-19 pada Tenaga Kesehatan di Rumah Sakit dengan Riwayat Infeksi atau Vaksinasi COVID-19: Systematic Review
Risk of COVID-19 Infection Among Healthcare Workers in Hospitals with Previous Infection or Vaccination: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Pandemi COVID-19 telah berlangsung selama lebih dari 1 tahun mengakibatkan beban signifikan kepada rumah sakit dan tenaga kesehatan yang memiliki risiko paparan virus SARS-COV-2 tertinggi. Berbagai upaya pencegahan transmisi COVID 19 sudah dilakukan, salah satunya adalah program vaksinasi. Walaupun tingkat kematian dan morbiditas akibat COVID-19 telah berkurang secara signifikan, ada semakin banyak laporan yang menyatakan adanya risiko infeksi ulang pada individu yang telah sembuh dari COVID-19 ataupun telah di vaksinasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh riwayat infeksi COVID-19 atau vaksinasi terhadap angka kejadian infeksi COVID-19 pada tenaga kesehatan khususnya di rumah sakit. Pencarian literatur dilakukan secara sistematis menggunakan kata kunci dilakukan pada 4 database online selama Maret 2020 hingga Juni 2021. Setelah itu, dilakukan penilaian risiko bias dan pengambilan kesimpulan. Dari 10 studi yang didapatkan menunjukkan hasil yang konsisten bahwa infeksi atau vaksinasi COVID-19 sebelumnya dapat mengurangi risiko infeksi di masa yang akan datang. Namun beberapa studi masih menunjukkan angka infeksi COVID-19 setelah vaksinasi dosis kedua ataupun infeksi COVID-19 sebelumnya. Disimpulkan bahwa riwayat infeksi COVID-19 atau vaksinasi sebelumnya mengurangi risiko infeksi COVID-19 selanjutnya tetapi tenaga kesehatan yang sudah divaksinasi tetap berisiko tertular infeksi SARS-COV-2, sehingga perlu pertimbangan untuk revaksinasi dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap varian baru yang mungkin akan muncul.
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