Implementation of Sea Transportation Policy (Analysis of the Klotok Boat Sea Transportation Policy in the Penajam - Balikpapan Route)
Keywords:
Policy Implementation, Sea Transportation, Klotok Boat, Penajam-Balikpapan
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the implementation of the klotok boat sea transportation policy on the Penajam-Balikpapan route in supporting community mobility and economic activities. Furthermore, this study also seeks to analyze the factors supporting the implementation of said policy. These objectives are aligned with the endeavor to gain a comprehensive understanding of the policy in question. This study adopts a qualitative approach, with data collection conducted through in-depth interviews with various relevant parties, including policymakers, operators, and community users. The collected data were then thematically analyzed to identify key patterns and themes, thereby providing an in-depth understanding of the phenomena under investigation. The research findings indicate that the implementation of the klotok boat policy is highly effective in providing an affordable and efficient alternative transportation solution, while significantly empowering the local economy. This mode of transportation successfully meets the urgent needs between Penajam and Balikpapan, offering a travel time of approximately 45 minutes and a fare of Rp 10,000/passenger, contributing to transportation cost savings and demonstrating stable daily occupancy rates. Its success is also supported by an increase in boat owners' income (30-40%) and the creation of over 120 new jobs. In conclusion, the main supporting factors for the implementation of the Sea Transportation Policy for Klotok Boats in Penajam - Balikpapan are the urgent community need for alternative transportation, the positive disposition of implementers and users, and an organized bureaucratic structure. This urgent need, support for the local economy, and the strategic potential in the development of IKN are key drivers. Despite resource limitations such as an aging fleet and limited dock capacity, the commitment of operators and public acceptance are essential for the sustainability and effectiveness of the klotok boat sea transportation policy's implementation.
References
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Mulyadi, D. (2015). Study of Public Policy and Public Service. Alphabet.
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Nasrin, S., and Chowdhury, S. (2024). Exploring transport mobility issues and adaptive behavior of women in a developing country. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 23, 100991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100991
Nugroho, R. (2018). Public Policy in Developing Countries. Yogyakarta: Student Library.
O?uz, S. (2024). Studies On Maritime Transport: A Bibliometric Analysis (2010-2023). Mersin Üniversitesi Denizcilik ve Lojistik Ara?t?rmalar? Dergisi, 6(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.54410/denlojad.1450638
Ozuem, W., Willis, M., and Howell, K. (2022). Thematic analysis without paradox: sensemaking and context. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 25(1), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-07-2021-0092
Pambudi, M. A. L., and Handayani, T. (2023). Application of Sea Toll as a Means to Maintain the Availability of Goods in the 3T Area (Lagging, Frontier and Outermost). Maritime Park Journal of Maritime Technology and Society, 34–42. https://doi.org/10.62012/mp.v2i2.26360
Paroka, D., Muhammad, A. H., Rahman, S., and Azis, M. A. (2021). Operational limitation of Indonesian traditional wooden boat in the framework of second generation intact stability criteria. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 649(1), 012064. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/649/1/012064
Pendharker, S., Swami, S., Mhatre, H., and Wagle, S. (2023). Caught Between Epistemology and Field-Conditions: Travails of Young Qualitative Policy Researchers in India. The Qualitative Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2023.6680
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Wahid, A., Jinca, M. Y., Rachman, T., and Malisan, J. (2023). Determination of Indicators of Implementation of Sea Transportation Safety Management System for Traditional Shipping Based on Delphi Approach. Sustainability, 15(13), 10080. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310080
Wang, Y., Gao, Y., Wang, Y., and Guo, Z. (2024). Can the '21st Century Maritime Silk Road' initiative improve the opening-up of China's coastal provinces? Marine Development, 2(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44312-024-00031-4
Widodo, J. (2021). Public Policy Analysis: Concepts and Applications of Public Policy Process Analysis. Malang: Media Nusa Creative.
Yanti, A. H. (2014). Blood Pressure of Male Passengers Exposed to the Sound of the Klotok Ship Engine on the Pontianak Teluk Batang Line. Protobiont, 3(1), 74–80.
Zhao, X., Papaix, C., Cao, M., and Lyu, N. (2024). Boat commuting, travel satisfaction and well-being: Empirical evidence from Greater London. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 129, 104122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104122
Adeyanju, A. A., Tafirenyika, B., and Eegunjobi, R. (2024). Wellbeing-Oriented Economic Paradigms for Sustainable Development. USA: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2219-2.ch005
Adom-Asamoah, G., Asibey, M. O., and Nyarko, S. (2021). Rethinking or Affirming the "Affordability" Debate on the Efficiency of Urban Public Transport Usage: Case of Kumasi, Ghana. Transportation in Developing Economies, 7(2), 22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40890-021-00131-6
Alzate, P., Isaza, G. A., Toro, E. M., and Jaramillo-Garzón, J. A. (2024). Advances and emerging research trends in maritime transport logistics: environment, port competitiveness and foreign trade. International Journal of Production Management and Engineering, 12(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2024.21090
Aprilla, W., Subiyakto, B., Mutiani, M., Rajiani, I., and Syaharuddin, S. (2022). Water Transportation Business (Klotok) as a Source of Community Income. The Kalimantan Social Studies Journal, 3(2), 161. https://doi.org/10.20527/kss.v3i2.4908
Creswell, J. W. (2015). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches.third Edition, Translate, Achmad Fawaid, Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Approaches. Yogyakarta: Student Library.
Custodio, H. M., Hadjikakou, M., and Bryan, B. A. (2023). A review of socioeconomic indicators of sustainability and wellbeing building on the social foundations framework. Ecological Economics, 203, 107608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107608
Dimyati, Hamzah, M. Z., and Sofilda, E. (2024). Factors Influencing Indonesian Sea Transportation Subsidy Policies for Regional Economic Growth. International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 1(4), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.61132/ijems.v1i4.223
Dunn, W. N. (2013). Introduction to Public Policy Analysis. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
Edward III, G. C. (1980). Implementing Public Policy. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press.
Gu, D., and Li, F. (2024). A Comprehensive Transportation Network Planning Model Oriented by Multi-Modal Transport. 2024 International Conference on Telecommunications and Power Electronics (TELEPE), 7–14. USA: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/TELEPE64216.2024.00008
Hasanah, I., and Syafriyani, I. (2024). The Effect of Online-Based Ticket Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction of Marine Express Ship Transportation Service Users. Proceedings of the National Seminar of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, 1(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.24929/semnasfisip.v1i1.3191
Hidayat, A., Hadid, M., and Hijriah. (2024). Planning, Optimization and Development of River Transportation in Supporting The Development of Mega City IKN, Balikpapan and Samarinda. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1353(1), 012006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1353/1/012006
Hidayat, H. K., Asdar, Jompa, M., Siahaan, J., and Denny. (2023). The Effect Of Sea Transportation, Connectivity And Government Policies On The People's Economy. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Social Science (ICSS), 2(2), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.59188/icss.v2i2.146
Kadarisman, M., Yuliantini, Y., and Majid, S. A. (2017). Formulation of Marine Transportation System Policy. Journal of Transportation and Logistics Management, 3(2), 161. https://doi.org/10.25292/j.mtl.v3i2.101
Kasmad, R. (2013). Public Policy Implementation Study. Yogyakarta: Toko Aksara.
Kuntadi, C., and Livrianti, N. (2022). Factors Affecting The Implementation of Performance-Based Budgeting Policies: Communication, Resources, and Bureaucratic Structure. Journal of Research of Social, Science, Economics, and Management, 2(04). https://doi.org/10.36418/jrssem.v2i04.279
Kusdian, R. D. (2011). The Potential for River Transportation Revitalization in Lampung Province. Journal of Transportation, 11(2), 143–152.
Latief, A. B., Hamid, M., and Muin, S. A. (2024). Public Policy Analysis of Speed Transportation Modes and Penajam-Balikpapan Klotol. Poma Journal: Publications of Management, 1(2), 387–401. Retrieved from https://journal.unifa.ac.id/index.php/POMAJURNAL/indexOJS:https://journal.unifa.ac.id/index.php/POMAJURNAL/index
Lein, A. A. R. (2018). Factors affecting the fishermen household income and welfare. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v5n4.266
Mälksoo, M. (2022). The symbolic space of the sea. In The Sea and International Relations. London: Manchester University Press. https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526155122.00008
Mantoro, B., and Victoria, O. A. (2020). The Means of Sea Transportation. IWJ: Inland Waterways Journal, 2(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.54249/iwj.v2i1.24
Meyer, J. P., and Beletski, L. V. (2023). Building Commitment to Organizational Change. In The Psychology of Organizational Change (pp. 237–262). London: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009086721.016
Mokke, M. F. Z., and Suwandi, M. (2023). Analysis of the Role of the Government in Community-Based Economic Empowerment Programs. Minister: Journal of Bureaucracy and Local Government, 5(2), 187–195. https://doi.org/10.15575/jbpd.v5i2.26900
Mulyadi, D. (2015). Study of Public Policy and Public Service. Alphabet.
Muzakir, M., Irawan, H. T., Pamungkas, I., Pandria, T. M. A., Fitriadi, F., Hadi, K., ... Syarifuddin, S. (2022). Defect Analysis to Improve Quality in Traditional Shipbuilding Processes. International Journal of Global Optimization and Its Application, 1(3), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.56225/ijgoia.v1i3.64
Nasrin, S., and Chowdhury, S. (2024). Exploring transport mobility issues and adaptive behavior of women in a developing country. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 23, 100991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100991
Nugroho, R. (2018). Public Policy in Developing Countries. Yogyakarta: Student Library.
O?uz, S. (2024). Studies On Maritime Transport: A Bibliometric Analysis (2010-2023). Mersin Üniversitesi Denizcilik ve Lojistik Ara?t?rmalar? Dergisi, 6(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.54410/denlojad.1450638
Ozuem, W., Willis, M., and Howell, K. (2022). Thematic analysis without paradox: sensemaking and context. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 25(1), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-07-2021-0092
Pambudi, M. A. L., and Handayani, T. (2023). Application of Sea Toll as a Means to Maintain the Availability of Goods in the 3T Area (Lagging, Frontier and Outermost). Maritime Park Journal of Maritime Technology and Society, 34–42. https://doi.org/10.62012/mp.v2i2.26360
Paroka, D., Muhammad, A. H., Rahman, S., and Azis, M. A. (2021). Operational limitation of Indonesian traditional wooden boat in the framework of second generation intact stability criteria. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 649(1), 012064. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/649/1/012064
Pendharker, S., Swami, S., Mhatre, H., and Wagle, S. (2023). Caught Between Epistemology and Field-Conditions: Travails of Young Qualitative Policy Researchers in India. The Qualitative Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2023.6680
Perera, L., and Thompson, R. G. (2021). Multi-stakeholder acceptance of optimum toll schemes. Research in Transportation Business and Management, 41, 100654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2021.100654
Riani, D., Salonten, and Hotlin. (2017). Evaluation of the Characteristics of Land and River Routes from Kuala Kapuas to Talio Muara, Pulang Pisau Regency. Journal of Engineering: Theoretical and Applied Journal of Engineering, 1(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.52868/jt.v1i1.1373
Riduwan. (2015). Measurement Scale of Research Variables. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Rosini, ii. (2023). Quantitative and Qualitative Accounting Research Methods. West Java: CV. Adanu Abigail.
Safuan, S. (2023). Application of Digital Technology at Indonesian Ports to Reduce National Logistics Costs. Journal of Transportation and Logistics Management (JMTRANSLOG), 9(3), 211. https://doi.org/10.54324/j.mtl.v9i3.738
Sam, E. A., Hamid, M., and Muin, S. A. (2024). The Role of Local Governments in the Management of Penajam Paser Port in North Penajam Paser Regency. Journals of Social, Science, and Engineering, 3(2), 291–299.
Sangadji, S. S., and Wisnujati, N. S. (2023). Unraveling the Motivational Threads of Content Creators Embracing Mud Bath Content on TikTok. Cambodia: Journal of Social and Humanities, 3(2), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.51135/kambotivol3issue2page18-27
Shevchenko, O. (2022). Representation Of The Concept "Sea" In English Phraseology In The Context Of National And Cultural Identity. Naukovì Zapiski Nacìonal?nogo Unìversitetu «Ostroz?ka Akademìâ». Philosophy, 1(14(82)), 21–25. https://doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2022-14(82)-21-25
Syarif, S., and Yunus, F. M. (2013). Social Research Methods. Banda Aceh: Ushuluddin Publishing.
Tetuko, F., Nugroho, S., Tezdogan, T., Djatmiko, E. B., and Buana, I. G. N. S. (2021). Transport telematic architecture of an electronic payment system for traditional merchant shipping. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 649(1), 012042. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/649/1/012042
Wahid, A., Jinca, M. Y., Rachman, T., and Malisan, J. (2023). Determination of Indicators of Implementation of Sea Transportation Safety Management System for Traditional Shipping Based on Delphi Approach. Sustainability, 15(13), 10080. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310080
Wang, Y., Gao, Y., Wang, Y., and Guo, Z. (2024). Can the '21st Century Maritime Silk Road' initiative improve the opening-up of China's coastal provinces? Marine Development, 2(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44312-024-00031-4
Widodo, J. (2021). Public Policy Analysis: Concepts and Applications of Public Policy Process Analysis. Malang: Media Nusa Creative.
Yanti, A. H. (2014). Blood Pressure of Male Passengers Exposed to the Sound of the Klotok Ship Engine on the Pontianak Teluk Batang Line. Protobiont, 3(1), 74–80.
Zhao, X., Papaix, C., Cao, M., and Lyu, N. (2024). Boat commuting, travel satisfaction and well-being: Empirical evidence from Greater London. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 129, 104122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104122
Published
2025-07-30
How to Cite
Dini Rahma Sari, Muliyadi Hamid, & Yunus, M. (2025). Implementation of Sea Transportation Policy (Analysis of the Klotok Boat Sea Transportation Policy in the Penajam - Balikpapan Route) . Jurnal Sinar Manajemen, 12(2), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.56338/jsm.v12i2.8294
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