Core Principle

Research data should be shared whenever possible, but data sharing must not compromise participant privacy, confidentiality, informed consent, intellectual property rights, legal obligations, contractual restrictions, or legitimate institutional requirements.

What Is Considered Research Data

Research data may include, depending on the nature of the study:

• quantitative datasets;
• qualitative data and coded materials;
• survey instruments and questionnaires;
• interview guides and de-identified transcripts;
• statistical syntax, analytical code, and scripts;
• data dictionaries and codebooks;
• supplementary tables, figures, and analytical outputs; and
• other materials necessary to understand, verify, or reproduce the reported findings.

Author Responsibilities

Authors are expected to:

• maintain accurate and sufficiently documented research data supporting the manuscript;
• retain research data for an appropriate period in accordance with applicable institutional, legal, ethical, or disciplinary requirements;
• provide data or supporting documentation when reasonably requested during editorial assessment, peer review, or investigation of a research integrity concern;
• ensure that shared data are accurate, appropriately documented, and consistent with the published article;
• protect confidential, personal, proprietary, or restricted information when preparing data for sharing.

Data Availability Statement

Authors are encouraged to include a Data Availability Statement explaining whether the data supporting the findings are publicly available, available upon reasonable request, subject to controlled access, or unavailable because of ethical, legal, confidentiality, or other legitimate restrictions.

Data Repositories

Where appropriate, authors are encouraged to deposit research data in a trusted institutional, disciplinary, or general-purpose repository that provides stable access, appropriate documentation, and a persistent identifier where available.

Repository records should contain sufficient metadata to allow the data to be understood and linked to the corresponding article.

Sensitive, Confidential, and Personal Data

Authors must not publicly disclose personally identifiable, confidential, proprietary, commercially sensitive, or otherwise restricted data unless they have appropriate permission and such disclosure is consistent with applicable ethical approval, informed consent, legal requirements, and institutional policies.

Where possible, data should be appropriately anonymised or de-identified before sharing. If adequate anonymisation is not possible, authors should explain the access restrictions in the Data Availability Statement.

Qualitative Research Data

The journal recognises that qualitative datasets may contain information that cannot be safely or ethically shared in full. Interview transcripts, field notes, organisational records, and other qualitative materials should only be shared when participant confidentiality, informed consent, institutional obligations, and data protection requirements can be adequately maintained.

Third-Party Data

Authors who use data obtained from third parties must comply with the applicable terms of use, licensing conditions, contractual restrictions, and legal requirements. Authors should not redistribute third-party data when they do not have the right to do so.

Where direct redistribution is prohibited, authors should provide sufficient information about the original data source and the procedure for legitimate access.

Data Citation

Publicly available datasets used or produced in the research should be appropriately cited where applicable. Data citations should provide sufficient bibliographic information and a persistent identifier whenever available.

Data Requests During Editorial Review

Editors or reviewers may request access to relevant data, analytical code, instruments, or supporting documentation when reasonably necessary to evaluate the validity, transparency, or integrity of a manuscript.

Such requests do not override legitimate ethical, privacy, legal, contractual, or confidentiality restrictions. Where direct access cannot be provided, authors should explain the restriction and, where possible, provide alternative documentation sufficient for editorial assessment.

Data Integrity

Fabrication, falsification, selective manipulation, deliberate concealment, or misleading presentation of research data is considered a serious breach of research and publication integrity.

Concerns regarding data integrity may be investigated in accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics and Correction and Retraction policies.

Post-Publication Data Requests

After publication, authors are encouraged to respond reasonably to legitimate scholarly requests for access to data or supporting materials, subject to applicable ethical, legal, contractual, confidentiality, and intellectual property restrictions.

Artificial Intelligence and Research Data

Authors must not upload confidential, personally identifiable, proprietary, or otherwise restricted research data to external artificial intelligence systems unless they have appropriate authority and the system's data-use, privacy, confidentiality, and security conditions are compatible with applicable requirements.

AI-assisted processing or analysis of research data must be transparently disclosed where it materially contributes to the research and must not be used to fabricate, falsify, or deceptively manipulate data or findings.

Transparency and Responsible Data Sharing

Jurnal Sinar Manajemen supports responsible data sharing that strengthens research transparency and reproducibility while protecting legitimate ethical, legal, confidentiality, privacy, and intellectual property interests.

Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu, as the publisher, supports good research data management and responsible access to the evidence underlying published scholarly work.