Core Principle

Post-publication actions are intended to preserve the integrity of the scholarly record rather than to punish authors. The journal will assess concerns proportionately, transparently, and on the basis of available evidence.

Corrections

A correction may be issued when an article contains an error or omission that affects the accuracy, interpretation, metadata, or presentation of the published work but does not invalidate its overall findings or conclusions.

Corrections may address matters such as:

• errors in author names, affiliations, or correspondence details;
• errors in tables, figures, labels, or numerical values;
• minor analytical or textual errors that do not invalidate the conclusions;
• omitted acknowledgements, funding information, or conflict-of-interest disclosures;
• other substantive but correctable errors identified after publication.

Retractions

Retraction may be considered when the findings or conclusions of an article are no longer reliable or when serious publication ethics concerns undermine the integrity of the published work.

Grounds for retraction may include, but are not limited to:

• fabrication, falsification, or serious manipulation of data;
• plagiarism or substantial unattributed use of another person's work;
• substantial duplicate or redundant publication;
• unethical research practices or serious violations of required ethical approval;
• fraudulent authorship, peer review, or editorial manipulation;
• major errors that invalidate the article's findings or conclusions;
• other serious integrity concerns that make continued reliance on the article inappropriate.

Expression of Concern

An expression of concern may be issued when serious questions have been raised about a published article but the available evidence is incomplete, an investigation is ongoing, or a definitive editorial conclusion cannot yet be reached.

The notice will be linked to the affected article and may later be replaced or supplemented by a correction, retraction, or other appropriate editorial notice when additional evidence becomes available.

Editorial Assessment Procedure

When a credible concern is received, the editorial team may:

• review the published article and relevant submission records;
• request clarification, data, documentation, or explanations from the authors;
• consult reviewers, editors, or independent experts where appropriate;
• contact the authors' institution, research ethics body, or another competent authority when an institutional investigation is warranted;
• determine the appropriate post-publication action based on the seriousness and evidentiary basis of the concern.

Publication of Notices

Correction, retraction, and expression-of-concern notices will be published transparently and linked to the affected article. The notice will identify the article and explain the reason for the editorial action as clearly as reasonably possible.

The bibliographic record of the original article will normally remain accessible. Retraction does not ordinarily mean deletion of the article from the scholarly record, except in exceptional circumstances involving legal requirements, serious privacy risks, or other compelling reasons.

Article Labelling and Metadata

When an article is corrected, retracted, or subject to an expression of concern, the journal will seek to ensure that the article page and associated metadata clearly indicate the relevant status and provide a link to the corresponding editorial notice.

Author-Initiated Corrections and Retractions

Authors who identify a significant error or integrity concern in their published work should promptly contact the editorial office and provide sufficient information to allow the matter to be assessed.

Requests by authors do not automatically determine the editorial outcome. The journal will independently evaluate whether a correction, retraction, or other action is appropriate.

Concerns Raised by Third Parties

The journal will consider credible concerns submitted by readers, reviewers, institutions, or other parties. Concerns should identify the affected article and provide sufficient detail or evidence to enable an appropriate editorial assessment.

Anonymous allegations may be considered where they contain specific and verifiable information, although the journal may be limited in its ability to investigate unsupported claims.

Appeals

Authors may request reconsideration of a correction or retraction decision by submitting a clear, evidence-based appeal. Appeals will be considered in accordance with the journal's complaints and appeals procedures and, where appropriate, by individuals not directly involved in the original decision.

Preservation of the Scholarly Record

Corrections, retractions, expressions of concern, and related editorial notices form part of the permanent scholarly record. The journal seeks to preserve these notices together with the relevant bibliographic information so that readers can understand the history and current status of the published work.

Publication Integrity

Jurnal Sinar Manajemen applies post-publication actions according to the nature, seriousness, and evidentiary basis of the identified issue. Corrections are used when the scholarly record can be reliably amended, while retraction is reserved for circumstances in which the integrity or reliability of the published work has been substantially compromised.

Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu, as the publisher, supports transparent and responsible correction of the scholarly record and the journal's editorial independence in handling post-publication concerns.