Stigma Sosial dan Kualitas Hidup Orang dengan Kusta di Indonesia : Literature Review
Social Stigma and Quality of life in People with Leprosy in Indonesia : Literature Review
Abstract
Latar belakang: Stigma sosial menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup orang dengan kusta di Indonesia. Penelitian mengenai stigma sosial pada orang dengan kusta masih bervariasi dalam hal populasi, metode pengumpulan data dan analisisnya.
Tujuan: Untuk mengkaji secara komprehensif dan mensintesis penelitian yang ada terkait stigma sosial dan kualitas hidup yang dialami oleh orang dengan kusta.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literatur review dan berpedoman pada PRISMA dalam memilih artikel-artikelnya. Pencarian artikel dilakukan melalui database Google Scholar dengan menggunakan kata kunci social stigma, mental health, quality of life, dan Indonesia's leprosy patient. Artikel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi tahun terbit 1 Januari 2022-31 Mei 2023, tipe penelitian cross sectional, case report, case series, cohort, dan pendekatan kualitatif; bahasa yang digunakan Indonesia dan Inggris, serta jurnal open access, free, fulltext, dan semua studi. Artikel terpilih kemudian ditinjau secara naratif berdasarkan tema yang telah ditentukan.
Hasil: Dari 11 artikel yang ditinjau, ditemukan ragam stigma yang melekat pada orang dengan kusta, diantaranya penolakan sosial, eksklusi dan diskriminasi. Stigma pada orang dengan kusta juga diketahui ada hubungannya dengan kesehatan mental mereka, seperti depresi, kecemasan, dan kemarahan. Stigma juga menurunkan kualitas hidup orang dengan kusta dalam hal pekerjaan, pernikahan, dan partisipasi sosialnya.
Kesimpulan: Literature review ini menemukan beragam stigma sosial pada orang dengan kusta di Indonesia dan hubungannya dengan masalah kesehatan mental serta penurunan kualitas hidup mereka. Untuk itu, diperlukan edukasi mengenai kusta kepada masyarakat dan konseling kesehatan mental bagi orang dengan kusta.
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