Analisis Faktor Personal Higiene dan Akses pada Sanitasi terhadap Kasus Stunting pada Balita di Asia : Literature Review
Analysis of Personal Hygiene and Access to Sanitation Factors on Stunting Cases Toddlers in Asia: Literature Review
Abstract
Stunting adalah keadaan tinggi badan anak yang tidak sesuai dengan usianya. Tahun 2020 jumlah kasus stunting balita di dunia sebanyak 149,2 juta (22%). Stunting merupakan masalah gizi yang disebabkan oleh multifaktor, salah satunya yaitu faktor lingkungan. Beberapa studi telah dilakukan mengenai faktor higiene dan sanitasi pada tingkat rumah tangga dalam menyebabkan stunting pada balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor risiko yang berasal dari personal higiene orang tua atau pengasuh balita dan akses pada sanitasi di rumah yang berada di wilayah Asia. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review. Sebanyak 20 artikel dari database Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, dan Sinta ditelaah dalam penelitian ini dengan kriteria yang diterbitkan pada 2017-2022, artikel penelitian asli, tersedia teks lengkap gratis, dan menganalisis setidaknya satu variabel higiene dan sanitasi terkait stunting pada balita. Penelitian ini disentesis dengan metode naratif. Artikel dikelompokkan dengan hasil serupa untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Studi ini menemukan bahwa kebiasaan cuci tangan, akses ke air bersih, akses ke jamban sehat dan riwayat penyakit diare dikaitkan dengan stunting pada balita. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa faktor personal higiene dan akses pada sanitasi tidak dapat memengaruhi stunting secara langsung karena faktor tersebut memengaruhi melalui penyakit infeksi. Penelitian yang akan datang disarankan menggunakan systematic review dan meta-analisis.
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