Dampak Serangan Kanker Batang Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Karet (Hevea Brasiliensis)
The Impact of Stem Cancer on the Growth and Yield of Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis)
Abstract
Tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis) merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan penting yang berperan dalam penyediaan bahan baku industri dan sumber pendapatan masyarakat. Salah satu kendala utama dalam budidaya karet adalah serangan penyakit kanker batang yang disebabkan oleh Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Penyakit ini dilaporkan menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan batang, gangguan fisiologis tanaman, serta penurunan produksi lateks. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak serangan kanker batang terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman karet berdasarkan hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur terhadap artikel ilmiah yang membahas identifikasi patogen, gejala penyakit, faktor epidemi, patogenisitas, dan strategi pengendalian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa L. theobromae merupakan patogen oportunistik yang menginfeksi tanaman melalui luka pada batang dan cabang. Infeksi menyebabkan nekrosis jaringan, gumosis, kematian cabang, penurunan luas tajuk, serta kerusakan panel sadap. Dampak tersebut berpengaruh terhadap penurunan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan produktivitas lateks. Pengelolaan penyakit dapat dilakukan melalui sanitasi kebun, penggunaan bahan tanam sehat, dan pemanfaatan agen hayati seperti Trichoderma spp. dan bakteri antagonis. Penyakit kanker batang perlu mendapat perhatian serius karena berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar pada perkebunan karet.
ABSTRACT
Rubber plants (Hevea brasiliensis) are an important plantation commodity, providing industrial raw materials and a source of income for the community. One of the main obstacles in rubber cultivation is the attack of stem canker disease caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae. This disease is reported to cause stem tissue damage, plant physiological disorders, and reduced latex production. This study aims to analyze the impact of stem canker on rubber plant growth and production based on previous research. The method used was a literature review of scientific articles discussing pathogen identification, disease symptoms, epidemic factors, pathogenicity, and control strategies. The results indicate that L. theobromae is an opportunistic pathogen that infects plants through wounds on the stems and branches. Infection causes tissue necrosis, gummosis, branch death, reduced canopy area, and damage to tapping panels. These impacts contribute to reduced vegetative growth and latex productivity. Disease management can be achieved through plantation sanitation, the use of healthy planting material, and the use of biological agents such as Trichoderma spp. and antagonistic bacteria. Stem canker disease requires serious attention because it has the potential to cause significant economic losses in rubber plantations.
References
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