Applying The Theory of Planned Behavior to Analyze Household Plastic Waste Management Behavior in Coastal Areas
Keywords:
Theory of Planned Behavior, Plastic Waste Management, Behavior, Households, Coastal Areas
Abstract
Background: Household plastic waste management in coastal areas remains a challenge due to the low implementation of the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) can be used to explain the factors influencing waste management behavior.
Objective: To analyze the influence of TPB constructs on household plastic waste management behavior in coastal areas.
Methods: A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in Bajo Village, Tilamuta District, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo. The sample consisted of 185 households selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using path analysis with a significance level of 5%.
Results: Attitude toward Behavior (p = 0.003), Subjective Norm (p < 0.001), and Perceived Behavioral Control (p < 0.001) had significant effects on Behavioral Intention. Furthermore, Perceived Behavioral Control (p = 0.008) and Behavioral Intention (p = 0.049) significantly influenced plastic waste management behavior. Most TPB indicators and 3R behaviors showed significant effects, except for support for waste management regulations or policies, the reuse of plastic bottles, and participation in community recycling activities.
Conclusion: TPB effectively explains household plastic waste management behavior in coastal areas, with Perceived Behavioral Control emerging as the most dominant factor in shaping both behavioral intentions and actual behavior.
References
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2. Lebreton LCM, Van Der Zwet J, Damsteeg JW, Slat B, Andrady A, Reisser J. River plastic emissions to the world’s oceans. Nat Commun [Internet]. 2017;8:1–10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15611
3. Cordova MR, Kelly MR, Hafizt M, Wibowo SPA, Ulumuddin YI, Purbonegoro T, et al. From riverbank to the sea: An initial assessment of plastic pollution along the Ciliwung River, Indonesia. Mar Pollut Bull [Internet]. 2024;206:116662. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X24006398
4. Veiga JM, van Veen B, Buckman L, van Gils J, Wuriyandoko DT, van der Sluys C, et al. Assessing Plastic Waste Discharges into the Sea in Indonesia: An Integrated High-Resolution Modeling Approach That Accounts for Hydrology and Local Waste Handling Practices. Water [Internet]. 2023;15(6). Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/6/1143
5. Marshall M. From pollution to solution. Vol. 237, New Scientist. 2018. 34–37 p.
6. Thushari GGN, Senevirathna JDM. Plastic pollution in the marine environment. Heliyon [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1;6(8). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04709
7. Voronkova A, Wyles K, Syamsiyah N, Sudarso, Soedjono E, Henderson L, et al. Predictors of waste management behaviours in coastal communities in Indonesia: The role of community attachment and environmental concern. Mar Pollut Bull [Internet]. 2025;214:117741. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X25002164
8. Pérez-García Á, van Emmerik THM, Mata A, Tasseron PF, López JF. Efficient plastic detection in coastal areas with selected spectral bands. Mar Pollut Bull [Internet]. 2024;207:116914. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X24008919
9. Almroth BC, Eggert H. Marine plastic pollution: sources, impacts, and policy issues. Rev Environ Econ policy. 2019;
10. Gregory MR. Environmental implications of plastic debris in marine settings—entanglement, ingestion, smothering, hangers-on, hitch-hiking and alien invasions. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci [Internet]. 2009 Jul 27;364(1526):2013–25. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0265
11. Wright SL, Thompson RC, Galloway TS. The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: A review. Environ Pollut [Internet]. 2013;178:483–92. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749113001140
12. Smolyakov BS, Makarov VI, Shinkorenko MP, Popova SA, Bizin MA. Effects of Siberian wildfires on the chemical composition and acidity of atmospheric aerosols of remote urban, rural and background territories. Environ Pollut [Internet]. 2014;188:8–16. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749114000232
13. Stazi V, Tomei MC. Enhancing anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater: State of the art, innovative technologies and future perspectives. Sci Total Environ [Internet]. 2018;635:78–91. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896971831235X
14. Rochman CM, Tahir A, Williams SL, Baxa D V., Lam R, Miller JT, et al. Anthropogenic debris in seafood: Plastic debris and fibers from textiles in fish and bivalves sold for human consumption. Sci Rep. 2015;5(September):1–10.
15. Aulia A, Azizah R, Sulistyorini L, Rizaldi MA. Literature review: Dampak mikroplastik terhadap lingkungan pesisir, biota laut dan potensi risiko kesehatan. J Kesehat Lingkung Indones. 2023;22(3):328–41.
16. Beaumont NJ, Aanesen M, Austen MC, Börger T, Clark JR, Cole M, et al. Global ecological, social and economic impacts of marine plastic. Mar Pollut Bull. 2019;142:189–95.
17. Newman S, Watkins E, Farmer A, Brink P ten, Schweitzer J-P. The economics of marine litter. In: Marine anthropogenic litter. Springer; 2015. p. 367–94.
18. Galloway TS, Cole M, Lewis C. Interactions of microplastic debris throughout the marine ecosystem. Nat Ecol \& Evol. 2017;1(5):116.
19. Amelia TSM, Khalik WMAWM, Ong MC, Shao YT, Pan H-J, Bhubalan K. Marine microplastics as vectors of major ocean pollutants and its hazards to the marine ecosystem and humans. Prog earth Planet Sci. 2021;8(1):12.
20. Etnayanti E, E.Fachry M, Zubair H. The behavior of Coastal Families Related to the Household Waste Management for the Sustainability of Marine Resources using gender Approach in Kapoposang Islands, South Sulawesi. Int J Environ Agric Biotechnol. 2020 Dec 31;5:1625–30.
21. Hu J, Tang K, Qian X, Sun F, Zhou W. Behavioral change in waste separation at source in an international community: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Waste Manag [Internet]. 2021;135:397–408. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X21005171
22. Yandri P, Masduki U, Aini N, Suryani S, Mardika I, Fathurrahman A, et al. Understanding the Household Waste Management: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. J Pengelolaan Sumberd Alam dan Lingkung (Journal Nat Resour Environ Manag. 2025 Sep 2;15:751.
23. Setiawan B, Afiff A, Heruwasto I. Integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior With Norm Activation in a Pro-Environmental Context. Soc Mar Q. 2020 Aug 19;26:152450042094922.
24. Razali F, Daud D, Choong WW, Jiram W. Waste separation at source behaviour among Malaysian households: The Theory of Planned Behaviour with moral norm. J Clean Prod. 2020 Jun 1;271:122025.
25. Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior: Frequently asked questions. Hum Behav Emerg Technol. 2020 Jun 10;2.
26. Saleh M, Alfiyah N, Susilawaty A, Ikhtiar M, Gafur A. The Determinants of Rural Community Participation in Waste Bank: An Approach Using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Al-Sihah Public Heal Sci J [Internet]. 2024;16(1):51–59. Available from: https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/Al-Sihah/article/view/47909
27. Sun Y, He H. Understanding consumers’ purchase intentions of single-use plastic products. Front Psychol. 2023;14:1105959.
28. Zhang S, Hu D, Lin T, Li W, Zhao R, Yang H, et al. Determinants affecting residents’ waste classification intention and behavior: A study based on TPB and A-B-C methodology. J Environ Manage [Internet]. 2021;290:112591. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479721006538
29. Batooli Z, Zarein-Dolab S, Mohamadloo A, Rahimzadeh M. Using theory of planned behavior to determine consumer intention in choosing cloth vs plastic bags. Appl Environ Res. 2022;44(1):54–66.
30. Wu L, Zhu Y, Zhai J. Understanding Waste Management Behavior Among University Students in China: Environmental Knowledge, Personal Norms, and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2022;Volume 12. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.771723
31. Simmons EC, Fielding KS. Psychological predictors of fishing and waste management intentions in Indonesian coastal communities. J Environ Psychol [Internet]. 2019;65:101324. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272494418307746
32. Li Y, Bhutto MY, Sun C, Mehdi SM. Do information publicity and moral norms trigger waste-sorting intention among households? A sequential mediation analysis. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2023;Volume 14. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1193411
33. Satriyono RDAP, Ramadhani DS. Identification of Factors Driving Household Intention to Implement Circular Economy. Effic Indones J Dev Econ. 2023;6(3):281–9.
34. Aikowe LD, Mazancová J. Plastic Waste Sorting Intentions among University Students. Sustainability [Internet]. 2021;13(14). Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7526
35. Wang S, Wang J, Yang S, Li J, Zhou K. From intention to behavior: Comprehending residents’ waste sorting intention and behavior formation process. Waste Manag [Internet]. 2020;113:41–50. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X20302713
36. Jacob DB, Dwipayanti NMU. Planned Behavior Theory Approach to Waste Management Behavior in South Denpasar District. J Promkes Indones J Heal Promot Heal Educ [Internet]. 2022;10(2):118–129. Available from: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/PROMKES/article/view/32577
37. Nguyen HTD, Kaida N, Tamura M. Drivers of plastic waste reduction in island communities in Central Vietnam: An application of the extended theory of planned behavior. Resour Conserv Recycl Adv [Internet]. 2026;29:200298. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667378925000550
38. Juliana N, Lada S, Chekima B, Abdul Adis A-A. Exploring Determinants Shaping Recycling Behavior Using an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Model: An Empirical Study of Households in Sabah, Malaysia. Sustainability [Internet]. 2022;14(8). Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/8/4628
39. Ariyani L, Ririh KR. Understanding behavior of household food waste management: Food waste hierarchy context. J Ilm Tek Ind. 2020;19(2):142–54.
40. Singh J, Kaur R. Influencing the Intention to Adopt Anti-Littering Behavior: An Approach With Modified TPB Model. Soc Mar Q. 2021 May 3;27:152450042110133.
41. Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. In: Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology. 2012. p. 438–59.
42. Hu J, Longfor NR, Dong L, Qian X. Beyond theory of planned behavior: A meta-analysis of psychological and contextual determinants of household waste separation. Environ Impact Assess Rev [Internet]. 2026;116:108087. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195925525002847
43. Ssenoga D, Ntayi JM, Walugembe A, Nuwagaba D, Kusemererwa C, Kimuli S. Theorizing household plastic waste reduction in low-resource urban contexts: Integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior, social marketing, norms, and structural opportunity. A systematic literature review. Clean Waste Syst [Internet]. 2026;15:100540. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772912526000734
44. Paramananda N, Idawati IAA, Yamawati NKS, Putra IKAS, Aprianto NG. The Influence of Norms, Environmental Attitudes, and Perceived Behavioral Control on Plastic Bag Use: A Behavioral-Economic Perspective. J Appl Business, Tax Econ Res [Internet]. 2025 Dec 1;5(2 SE-Articles):329–47. Available from: https://equatorscience.com/index.php/jabter/article/view/523
45. Omondi I. Reuse and waste reduction potential of reusable lightweight plastic bags in Kenya. Environ Manag Econ Policy [Internet]. 2026;3:100018. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S3117325X26000180
46. T’ing LC, Moorthy K, Mei CY, Yin FP, Ying WZ, Khong CW, et al. Determinants of 3Rs behaviour in plastic usage: A study among Malaysians. Heliyon. 2020;6(12).
47. Macklin J, Curtis J, Smith L. Interdisciplinary, systematic review found influences on household recycling behaviour are many and multifaceted, requiring a multi-level approach. Resour Conserv Recycl Adv [Internet]. 2023;18:200152. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266737892300024X
Published
2026-07-30
How to Cite
K, S. B., Maksum, T. S., Aulia, U., & Ahmad, I. G. (2026). Applying The Theory of Planned Behavior to Analyze Household Plastic Waste Management Behavior in Coastal Areas, 8(3), 1090~1097. https://doi.org/10.56338/ijhess.v8i3.11712
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Copyright (c) 2026 Sarinah Basri K, Tri Septian Maksum, Ulfa Aulia, Indra G Ahmad
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