Overview of Patient Boarding Time At the Emergency Installation of Toto Kabila Hospital
Keywords:
Boarding time, Emergency room, Hospitalization
Abstract
Boarding time is an important indicator of the quality of emergency room services that describes the length of time from the time the patient is designated for hospitalization until he is transferred to the treatment room. Prolonged boarding time can lead to delays in further treatment, increase the risk of complications, and impact patient safety. This study aims to find out the description of the boarding time of patients in the Emergency Installation of Toto Kabila Hospital. The research design is descriptive quantitative with a single variable boarding time. The population amounted to 1132 emergency room patients, with a sample of 92 respondents using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through direct observation and verification of medical records, then analyzed in univariate analysis. The results of the study showed that 53 respondents (57.6%) experienced boarding time ? 6 hours, while 39 respondents (42.4%) experienced boarding time > 6 hours. The main cause of boarding time is the limited number of beds in the inpatient room. Other contributing causes are extra work of nurses, administration and documentation and patient or family factors. These findings show that patient transfers have gone quite well, although some patients are still experiencing delays. Toto Kabila Hospital is recommended to improve boarding time monitoring and improve the bed availability information system. Further research is suggested to develop other variables to gain a more comprehensive understanding of boarding time.
References
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Kappy, B., Berkowitz, D., Isbey, S., Breslin, K., & McKinley, K. (2024). Characteristics and patient impact of boarding in the pediatric emergency department, 2018–2022. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 77, 139–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2023.12.022
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Mohr, N. M., Wessman, B. T., Bassin, B., Elie-Turenne, M. C., Ellender, T., Emlet, L. L., Ginsberg, Z., Gunnerson, K., Jones, K. M., Kram, B., Marcolini, E., & Rudy, S. (2020). Boarding of critically ill patients in the emergency department. JACEP Open, 1(4), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.12107
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Ogliari, G., Coffey, F., Keillor, L., Aw, D., Azad, M. Y., Allaboudy, M., Ali, A., Jenkinson, T., Christopher, M., Szychowski-Nowak, K., & Masud, T. (2022). Emergency department use and length of stay by younger and older adults: Nottingham cohort study in the emergency department (NOCED). Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 34(11), 2873–2885. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-022-02226-5
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Ramadina, D., Aklima, & Fikriyanti. (2023). Triage Time In The Emergency Room Of Dr. Zainoel Abidin Regional Public Hospital Of Banda Aceh. JIM FKep, VII(2), 145–149.
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Thevrekandy, V., Sreekumar, A., & Aggarwal, P. (2025). Emergency Department boarding time and in-hospital mortality : A prospective observational study. 297–304. https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem
Weni Hastuti. (2024). Description of Anxiety Levels in Pre-Operative Patients. Journal of Holistics and Health Sciences, 6(2), 249–256. https://doi.org/10.35473/jhhs.v6i2.502
Yang, Y., Bin, Y., Yanping, M., Jinping, Z., Xin, Z., Chunjun, C., & Zhenhua, Z. (2024). Information management of full-cycle inpatient bed reservation for cancer patients under the normalised prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11206-6
Adriansyah, A. A., Firdausi, N. J., Lestari, T., Widodo, K. H., & Sa'adah, N. (2023). Exploring waiting time, waste, and resources used for boarding patients in emergency department. Bali Medical Journal, 12(2), 1953–1958. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i2.4318
Alenany, E., & Cadi, A. A. El. (2020). Modeling patient flow in the emergency department using machine learning and simulation. http://arxiv.org/abs/2012.01192
Angky, P., Endiyono, V., Yulistiani, M., Suparti, S., Ners, S. P., Health, F. I., Muhammadiyah, U., & Rsud, P. (2024). Journal of Nursing Malang ( jkm ) the correlation between triage level and patient waiting time in the journal of nursing malang ( jkm ) is to receive patients, apply triage measures to patients, stabilize, Copyright © The Author ( s ) 20. pp. 9(02), 214–224.
Bosco, S., Sahni, N., Jain, A., Arora, P., Raj, V., & Yaddanapudi, L. (2023). Delayed Transfer of Critically Ill Patients from Emergency Department to Intensive Care Unit. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 27(8), 578–580. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24502
Buowari, D. Y., & Ikpae, B. E. (2025). Reasons for Discharge against Medical Advice at the Accident and Emergency Department of Teriatry Hospital in Port Harcourt. Nigeria Journal Of Medicine, 24(1), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.4103/NJM.NJM
Christina, L., Lumadi, S. A., & Fitria, Y. (2020). The high workload of nurses is weakly correlated with the lengthening of waiting times for patient transfers to hospital inpatient rooms. Scientific Journal of Health Media Husada, 9 (April), 7–14.
Dwisari, G. A., Sari, K., Service, M., Di, K., & Sick, R. (2024). ARSI Journal: Indonesian Hospital Administration length of stay in emergency facilities as an indicator of the quality of health services in hospitals x in 2024. 10(3). https://doi.org/10.7454/arsi.v10i3.1186
Eikendal, T., Prudon, N., Kool, R. B., Jeurissen, P., Gaakeer, M. I., de Groot, B., & van Dulmen, S. A. (2025). Perceptions of workload in emergency care in the Netherlands and how to influence this: a qualitative study. BMC Emergency Medicine, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01334-5
Emergency Department Benchmarking Alliance. (2024). Emergency Department Performance Measures 2024 Data Guide from the Emergency Department Benchmarking Alliance (EDBA). Contemporary French and Francophone Studies, 26(3), 227–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/17409292.2022.2076419
Erwander, K., Ivarsson, K., Olsson, M. L., & Agvall, B. (2024). Elderly patients with non-specific complaints at the emergency department have a high risk for admission and 30-days mortality. BMC Geriatrics, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04621-7
Fadillah, A., & Widyaningrum, D. (2025). Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Use of BPJS Biometrics in Inpatient at Bandung City Hospital. 15(2), 107–113.
Fatmawati Abdul. (2024). Description of the Length of Time the Patient Was Transferred from the Emergency Installation Room (Igd) of Toto Kabila Hospital. Gorontalo State University.
Greenwood-Ericksen, M., Kamdar, N., Swenson, K., Pruitt, P., McCrum, M. L., Paul, G., Myaskovsky, L., Kocher, K. E., & Zachrison, K. S. (2025). Emergency Department Boarding, Inpatient Census, and Interhospital Transfer Acceptances. JAMA Network Open, 8(5), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.12299
Harnita, H., Endarti, D., Wiedyaningsih, C., & Kristina, S. A. (2022). Economic Burden of Inpatient Health Services Due to Illness Based on Patient Perspective: Secondary Data Analysis. Pharmaceutical Magazine, 18(4), 483. https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v18i4.73449
Indriono, A. (2020). Implementation of Human Resources Standards and Minimum Health Services in Pekalongan City. Pena Justisia: Communication Media and Legal Studies, 19(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v19i1.1136
Janke, A. T., Melnick, E. R., & Venkatesh, A. K. (2022). Hospital Occupancy and Emergency Department Boarding during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open, 5(9), E2233964. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.33964
Kadir, I. S. (2025). Factors related to the length of waiting time for emergency room patients to be transferred to the inpatient room of Toto Kabila Hospital. Gorontalo State University.
Kappy, B., Berkowitz, D., Isbey, S., Breslin, K., & McKinley, K. (2024). Characteristics and patient impact of boarding in the pediatric emergency department, 2018–2022. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 77, 139–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2023.12.022
Kurniawan, M. A. R., Hamid, M. A., & Susilo, C. (2024). The Relationship of Nurses' Response Time with the Family Anxiety Level of Patients in the Yellow Triage Category in the Emergency Room of Balung Regional Hospital. 1–23.
Mohr, N. M., Wessman, B. T., Bassin, B., Elie-Turenne, M. C., Ellender, T., Emlet, L. L., Ginsberg, Z., Gunnerson, K., Jones, K. M., Kram, B., Marcolini, E., & Rudy, S. (2020). Boarding of critically ill patients in the emergency department. JACEP Open, 1(4), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.12107
Mosleh, S., Hamoud, A. R., Saeed, A. A., Alnaqbi, H. M., Alhouti, R. S., & Alshehhi, S. S. (2023a). A descriptive study on patient satisfaction with waiting time in emergency departments: Insights from hospitals in the Northern Emirates. Research Square, 1(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2024.101564
Mosleh, S., Hamoud, A. R., Saeed, A. A., Alnaqbi, H. M., Alhouti, R. S., & Alshehhi, S. S. (2023b). A descriptive study on patient satisfaction with waiting time in emergency departments: Insights from hospitals in the Northern Emirates. Research Square, 1(1), 1–23.
Novita, Marlia, I., & Heriana, S. (2023). Analysis of Factors Affecting Patient Waiting Time in the Emergency Installation (IGD) of dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh. Journal of Medical Science, 4(2), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.55572/jms.v4i2.100
Ogliari, G., Coffey, F., Keillor, L., Aw, D., Azad, M. Y., Allaboudy, M., Ali, A., Jenkinson, T., Christopher, M., Szychowski-Nowak, K., & Masud, T. (2022). Emergency department use and length of stay by younger and older adults: Nottingham cohort study in the emergency department (NOCED). Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 34(11), 2873–2885. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-022-02226-5
Osterwalder, I., Özkan, M., Malinovska, A., Nickel, C. H., & Bingisser, R. (2023). Acute Abdominal Pain: Missed Diagnoses , Extra-Abdominal Conditions , and Outcomes.
Pearce, S., Marchand, T., Shannon, T., Ganshorn, H., & Lang, E. (2023). Emergency department crowding: an overview of reviews describing measures causes, and harms. Internal and Emergency Medicine, 18(4), 1137–1158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-023-03239-2
Ramadina, D., Aklima, & Fikriyanti. (2023). Triage Time In The Emergency Room Of Dr. Zainoel Abidin Regional Public Hospital Of Banda Aceh. JIM FKep, VII(2), 145–149.
Rochana, N., & Djogotuga, N. N. (2020). Stagnant Patient Satisfaction in the Emergency Facility (IGD) in Kupang. Holistic Nursing and Health Science, 3(2), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.14710/hnhs.3.2.2020.12-20
Sitanggang, Y. F., & Lin, H. R. (2024). Experiences of Indonesian women with breast cancer underwent treatment decision-making: A qualitative study. Belitung Nursing Journal, 10(4), 456–463. https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.3395
Thevrekandy, V., Sreekumar, A., & Aggarwal, P. (2025). Emergency Department boarding time and in-hospital mortality : A prospective observational study. 297–304. https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem
Weni Hastuti. (2024). Description of Anxiety Levels in Pre-Operative Patients. Journal of Holistics and Health Sciences, 6(2), 249–256. https://doi.org/10.35473/jhhs.v6i2.502
Yang, Y., Bin, Y., Yanping, M., Jinping, Z., Xin, Z., Chunjun, C., & Zhenhua, Z. (2024). Information management of full-cycle inpatient bed reservation for cancer patients under the normalised prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11206-6
Published
2026-01-08
How to Cite
Rey Afriansyah Gobel, Zuhriana K. Yusuf, & Moh. Nisyar Sy Abd. Azis. (2026). Overview of Patient Boarding Time At the Emergency Installation of Toto Kabila Hospital. International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 8(1), 418~428. https://doi.org/10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.10050
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2026 Rey Afriansyah Gobel, Zuhriana K. Yusuf, Moh. Nisyar Sy Abd. Azis
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