The Relationship Between Period Poverty Levels and Menstrual Hygiene Management Among Female Students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Gorontalo State University
Keywords:
Female Students, Menstrual Hygiene Management, Period Poverty, Reproductive Health
Abstract
This study aims to analyse the relationship between the level of period poverty and menstrual hygiene management among female students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. The method used was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 320 female students selected using proportional random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring the level of period poverty and menstrual hygiene management practices. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-Square test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that most respondents experienced a moderate level of period poverty and the majority demonstrated good menstrual hygiene management practices. Bivariate analysis indicated a significant relationship between the level of period poverty are associated with poorer menstrual hygiene management practice among female university students. Therefore, support from educational institutions and healthcare professionals is needed to improve access to sanitation facilities and menstrual health education.
References
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Alo, F. S., & Olajire, O. O. (2025). Knowledge And Practice Of Menstrual Hygiene among Female Undergraduate Students at Redeemer's University Ede. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 10(3), 380–388. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS
Aniroh, U., & Tina Mawardika. (2024). A Comparative Study of Knowledge and Attitudes on Menstrual Hygiene Management After Providing Education Using Audiovisual Media with Booklet Print. Indonesian Journal of Midwifery (IJM), 7(1), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.35473/ijm.v7i1.3212
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Egwuaba, E. U., & Sunday, B. A. (2025). Menstrual hygiene management and educational disruption among adolescent girls in select secondary schools in Ekwulobia ,. Discover Public Health, 22(668), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-01060-0 (2025)
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Gebre, W., Kidane, E. M., Negussie, Y. M., & Getahun, M. S. (2023). Assessment of menstrual hygiene management knowledge , practice , and associated factors among girls in Boset District , Ethiopia : a school-based cross- sectional study. Contraception and Reproductive Medicine, 8(34), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40834-023-00233-z
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Hanapi, S., Arda, Z. A., & Bahi, W. (2021). The Relationship between Macronutrient Adequacy, Stress and Physical Activity with the Menstrual Cycle. Journal of Public Health, 4(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32662/gjph.v4i1.1432
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Ahmed, T., Hasan, K., Aunto, T. K., Ahmed, T., & Zahid, D. (2025). Menstrual hygiene knowledge and practices among adolescent schoolgirls in flood - affected rural Bangladesh. Reproductive Health, 22(87), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-025-02041-x
Aini, D., & Eka Puspitasari, C. (2024). An overview of the level of knowledge of students of the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training of UIN Mataram on menstruation. Tambusai Health Journal, 5(1), 1410–1418.
Alo, F. S., & Olajire, O. O. (2025). Knowledge And Practice Of Menstrual Hygiene among Female Undergraduate Students at Redeemer's University Ede. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 10(3), 380–388. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS
Aniroh, U., & Tina Mawardika. (2024). A Comparative Study of Knowledge and Attitudes on Menstrual Hygiene Management After Providing Education Using Audiovisual Media with Booklet Print. Indonesian Journal of Midwifery (IJM), 7(1), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.35473/ijm.v7i1.3212
Appiah-agyekum, N. N., Nyamekye, M. A., Agbenu, I. A., & Otoo, D. D. (2025). Menstrual hygiene knowledge and practices among female senior high school students in the new Juaben North municipality of Ghana : a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 25(1563). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22836-8
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging Adulthood: A Theory of Development From the Late Teens Through the Twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.55.5.469
Ayele, A., G Mariam, M., Beyene, H., Tolcha, A., Tediso, D., Shalomo, T., & Belayneh, T. (2025). Menstrual hygiene practice and associated factors among adolescent primary school females in Dale Woreda, Sidama, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. Frontiers in Reproductive Health, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/frph.2025.1458132
Barrington, D. J., Robinson, H. J., Wilson, E., & Hennegan, J. (2021). Experiences of menstruation in high income countries : A systematic review , qualitative evidence synthesis and comparison to low- and middle-income countries. PLoS ONE, 16(7), 1–44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. po.0255001
Betsu, B. D., Medhanyie, A. A., Gebrehiwet, T. G., & Wall, L. L. (2024). Menstrual hygiene management interventions and their effects on schoolgirls' menstrual hygiene experiences in low and middle countries: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 19(8), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302523
Bobel, C., Winkler, I. T., Fahs, B., Hasson, K. A., Kissling, E. A., & Roberts, T.-A. (2020). The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies (C. Bobel, I. T. Winkler, B. Fahs, K. A. Hasson, E. A. Kissling, & T.-A. Roberts (eds.)). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/http://dx.crossref.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7
Cardoso, L. F., Scolese, A. M., Hamidaddin, A., & Gupta, J. (2021). Period poverty and mental health implications among college-aged women in the United States. BMC Women's Health, 21(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-01149-5
Casola, A. R., Luber, K., Riley, A. H., & Medley, L. (2022). Menstrual Health: Taking Action against Period Poverty. American Journal of Public Health, 112(3), 374–377. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306622
Crawford, B. J., & Waldman, E. G. (2022). Menstruation Matters. In Menstruation Matters (issue 21). https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479809691.001.0001
Curtis, V., Danquah, L., & Aunger, R. (2022). Hygiene Behavior Model: Drivers of healthy hygiene practices. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 32(5), 945–958. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyp002
Daniel, N., Kejela, G., Fantahun, F., Desalegn, M., & Guteta, F. (2023). Menstrual hygiene management practice and its associated factors among in-school adolescent girls in Western Ethiopia. Contraception and Reproductive Medicine, 8(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40834-022-00196-7
Deniz, A. O., & Acikgoz, S. (2025). Menstrual poverty and genital hygiene behaviors among adolescents : A cross-sectional study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 80, e1–e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2024.10.028
Egwuaba, E. U., & Sunday, B. A. (2025). Menstrual hygiene management and educational disruption among adolescent girls in select secondary schools in Ekwulobia ,. Discover Public Health, 22(668), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-01060-0 (2025)
Fuadah, D. Z., Siswoaribowo, A., & Alfionita, A. E. (2025). Improving Menstrual Hygiene Skills Through a Health Literacy Approach in Menarche Adolescent Girls. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 3(3), 63–77. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61132/protein.v3i3.1437
Gebre, W., Kidane, E. M., Negussie, Y. M., & Getahun, M. S. (2023). Assessment of menstrual hygiene management knowledge , practice , and associated factors among girls in Boset District , Ethiopia : a school-based cross- sectional study. Contraception and Reproductive Medicine, 8(34), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40834-023-00233-z
Glayzer, E. J., Jennings, C. T., Schlaeger, J. M., Watkins, B., Rieseler, A., Ray, M., Lee, A., & Glayzer, J. E. (2024). Fighting for menstrual equity through period product pantries. Women's Health, 20. https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057241281459
Godwin, S. K., U, L. U. C., Anjana, V. M., & Mini, G. K. (2024). Menstrual product choice and the extent of period poverty among young adult females : findings from a cross-sectional study in Kerala , India. 13(7), 1797–1804. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20241777
Hanapi, S., Arda, Z. A., & Bahi, W. (2021). The Relationship between Macronutrient Adequacy, Stress and Physical Activity with the Menstrual Cycle. Journal of Public Health, 4(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32662/gjph.v4i1.1432
Harahap, Y. W. (2021). Personal Hygiene Behavior of Adolescent Women During Menstruation at MTS Swadaya Padangsidimpuan. Indonesian Health Scientific Journal, 6(1), 134. https://doi.org/10.51933/health.v6i1.435
Head, A., Huggett, C., Chea, P., Yamakoshi, B., Suttor, H., & Hennegan, J. (2024). Articles Systematic review of the effectiveness of menstrual health interventions in low- and middle-income countries in the East Asia and Paci fi c region. The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia, 20, 100295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100295
Hennegan, J., Shannon, A. K., Rubli, J., Schwab, K. J., & Torres, G. J. M. (2019). Women's and girls' experiences of menstruation in low- and middle-income countries : A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis. PLoS Med, 16(5), 1–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pmed.1002803
Jaafar, H., Ismail, S. Y., & Azzeri, A. (2023). Period Poverty : A Neglected Public Health Issue. Korean J Fam Med, 183–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.22.0206 •
Ministry of Health. (2023). Indonesian Health Survey 2023 (SKI). Ministry of Health, 235.
Khanal, G., Shrestha, N., Adhikari, K., & Ghimire, U. (2023). Menstruation hygiene management among secondary school students of Chitwan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMC Women's Health, 23(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02494-x
Khoiroh, N., Putri, N. A. H., & Rahmayani, I. (2024). Training and assistance in optimizing menstrual hygiene management in adolescent girls. National Seminar, 9 (November). https://eproceeding.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/SENADIMAS/article/view/689%0Ahttps://eproceeding.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/SENADIMAS/article/download/689/344
Lonkhuijzen, R. M. Van, & Garcia, F. K. (2023). Women's Reproductive Health The Stigma Surrounding Menstruation : Attitudes and Practices Regarding Menstruation and Sexual Activity During Menstruation The Stigma Surrounding Menstruation : Attitudes and. Women's Reproductive Health, 10(3), 364–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/23293691.2022.2124041
Majeed, J., Sharma, P., Ajmera, P., & Dalal, K. (2022). Menstrual hygiene practices and associated factors among Indian adolescent girls : a meta - analysis. Reproductive Health, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-022-01453-3
Mann, S., & Byrne, S. K. (2023). Period Poverty from a Public Health and Legislative Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20237118
Method, A., Hassan, J., Assenga, O., Kamugisha, P., Kawishe, T., Luchagura, F., Msaka, P., Singu, M., & Bintabara, D. (2024). Challenges faced by adolescent girls on menstrual hygiene management : School-based study , Siha , Kilimanjaro , Tanzania. Plos Global Public Health, 4(6), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002842
Muhaidat, N., Karmi, J. Al, Karam, A. M., Abushaikha, F., & Alshrouf, M. A. (2024). Period poverty, reuse needs, and depressive symptoms among refugee menstruators in Jordan's camps: a cross-sectional study. BMC Women's Health, 24(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03193-x
Nahid Uz Zaman, M., Takashima, R., Sai, A., & Yamauchi, T. (2025). Period poverty: Menstrual information, product selection, and disposal among urban female nursing students in Bangladesh. Health and Place, 93(February), 103467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103467
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Published
2026-01-07
How to Cite
Deivi Margrit Shufairoh M. Kau, Ika Wulansari, & Nur Fitriah Jumatrin. (2026). The Relationship Between Period Poverty Levels and Menstrual Hygiene Management Among Female Students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Gorontalo State University. International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 8(1), 377~386. https://doi.org/10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.10017
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2026 Deivi Margrit Shufairoh M. Kau, Ika Wulansari, Nur Fitriah Jumatrin
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