Tinjauan Kimia Medisinal Terhadap Potensi Ekstrak Minyak Atsiri Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) Untuk Kesehatan
Medicinal Chemistry Review on the Potential of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Essential Oil for Health
Keywords:
Kunyit, Minyak Atsiri, Turmeron, Kimia Medisinal, Aktivitas Farmakologis
Abstract
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi kemampuan alami yang dimiliki tanaman kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) sebagai penghasil senyawa bioaktif yang berperan dalam kimia medisinal melalui telaah pustaka terbaru. Metode yang diterapkan berupa literature review dengan penelusuran jurnal penelitian dari basis data Google Scholar, PubMed, serta ScienceDirect menggunakan kata kunci “minyak atsiri”, “kunyit”, serta “turmeron”. Berdasarkan penelusuran literatur yang dilakukan, teridentifikasi bahwa minyak atsiri kunyit mengandung senyawa volatil utama seperti ar-tumerone, ?-turmerone, ?-turmeron, curlone, dan ar-curcumene yang memiliki aktivitas farmakologis meliputi antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antimikroba, analgesik, dan antikanker. Senyawa turmeron diketahui mampu menginduksi apoptosis sel kanker melalui jalur ROS-mitokondria, serta menunjukkan efektivitas tinggi dalam formulasi farmasi seperti gel topikal dan naoemulsi. Hasil telaah ini menunjukkan bahwa kunyit memiliki prospek yang sangat baik sebagai bahan dasar dalam pembuatan obat herbal dan produk kesehatan. Selain itu, diperlukan penelitian lanjutan guna mengoptimalkan pemanfaatannya dalam dunia medis.
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Sotiboldieva, Dilnoza I., and Trobjon X. Mahkamov. 2020. “Component Composition of Essential Oils <I>Curcuma Longa</I> L. (Zingiberaceae) Introduced in Uzbekistan.” American Journal of Plant Sciences 11(08): 1247–53. doi:10.4236/ajps.2020.118088.
Stanojevi?, Jelena S, Ljiljana P Stanojevi?, Dragan J Cvetkovi?, and Bojana R Danilovi?. 2015. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE TURMERIC ESSENTIAL OIL (Curcuma Longa L.).
Tang, Guang Mei, Yi Ting Shi, Wen Gao, Meng Ning Li, Ping Li, and Hua Yang. 2022. “Comparative Analysis of Volatile Constituents in Root Tuber and Rhizome of Curcuma Longa L. Using Fingerprints and Chemometrics Approaches on Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry.” Molecules 27(10). doi:10.3390/molecules27103196.
Z. Parveen, S. Nawaz, S. Siddique, and K. Shahzad. 2013. “Composition and Antimicrobial of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Curcuma Longa L. Kasur Variety.”
Albaqami, Jawaher J., Hamida Hamdi, Arunaksharan Narayanankutty, Naduvilthara U. Visakh, Anju Sasidharan, Aswathi Moothakoottil Kuttithodi, Ademola C. Famurewa, and Berin Pathrose. 2022. “Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Leaf Essential Oils of Curcuma Longa, Curcuma Aromatica and Curcuma Angustifolia.” Antibiotics 11(11). doi:10.3390/antibiotics11111547.
Amin, Saeful, Resi Aulia Azhari, Fauzia Rifany Nurmaliya, Lexsa Pujawati, Siti Hamidah, M Luthfi Sopiyurrohman, Program Studi Farmasi, et al. 2025. 9 Jurnal Ners PERAN KIMIA MEDISINAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN OBAT ANTIKANKER: KAJIAN LITERATUR TENTANG SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DARI SUMBER ALAM. http://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/ners.
Amin, Saeful, Yuni Yunarsih, Intan Ririhani, Yunisa Miraz, Nabila Amelia, Muhamad Rizki, Program Studi Farmasi, et al. 2025. “TINJAUAN KIMIA MEDISINAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN OBAT BERBASIS BAHAN ALAM: STUDI LITERATU.” http://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/ners.
Dosoky, Noura S., and William N. Setzer. 2018. “Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Curcuma Species.” Nutrients 10(9). doi:10.3390/nu10091196.
Fuloria, Shivkanya, Jyoti Mehta, Aditi Chandel, Mahendran Sekar, Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani, M. Yasmin Begum, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, et al. 2022a. “A Comprehensive Review on the Therapeutic Potential of Curcuma Longa Linn. in Relation to Its Major Active Constituent Curcumin.” Frontiers in Pharmacology 13. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.820806.
Gonçalves, Gisele Mara Silva, Pedro Paulo Barros, Gustavo Henrique da Silva, and Gabriela Riqueza Fedes. 2019. “The Essential Oil of Curcuma Longa Rhizomes as an Antimicrobial and Its Composition by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.” Revista de Ciências Médicas 28(1): 1. doi:10.24220/2318-0897v28n1a4389.
Ibáñez, María Dolores, and María Amparo Blázquez. 2021. “Curcuma Longa l. Rhizome Essential Oil from Extraction to Its Agri-Food Applications. a Review.” Plants 10(1): 1–31. doi:10.3390/plants10010044.
Iweala, Emeka J., Miracle E. Uche, Emmanuel Dike Dike, Lotanna Richard Etumnu, Titilope M. Dokunmu, Adurosakin E. Oluwapelumi, Benedict Chukwuebuka Okoro, et al. 2023. “Curcuma Longa (Turmeric): Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities and Toxicity Profiles—A Review.” Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine 6. doi:10.1016/j.prmcm.2023.100222.
Jyotirmayee, B., and Gyanranjan Mahalik. 2022. “A Review on Selected Pharmacological Activities of Curcuma Longa L.” International Journal of Food Properties 25(1): 1377–98. doi:10.1080/10942912.2022.2082464.
Khaerina, Yunisa, and Saeful Amin. 2025. “Peran Kimia Medisinal Dalam Pengembangan Obat Baru.” Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipline 3(3): 77–82. doi:10.5281/zenodo.15187685.
Li, Shiyou, Wei Yuan, Guangrui Deng Ping Wang, and Peiying Yang. 2011. Chemical Composition and Product Quality Control of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.) Recommended Citation. http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/agriculture_facultypubshttp://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/agriculture_facultypubs/1.
Liju, Vijayastelter B., Kottarapat Jeena, and Ramadasan Kuttan. 2011. “An Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antinociceptive Activities of Essential Oil from Curcuma Longa. L.” Indian Journal of Pharmacology 43(5): 526–31. doi:10.4103/0253-7613.84961.
Lu, Yanyan, Jianbo Wang, Gang Shen, Jiuling Liu, Hongwei Zhu, Junning Zhao, and Shitang He. 2021. “Rapid Determination and Quality Control of Pharmacological Volatiles of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.) by Fast Gas Chromatography–Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor.” Molecules 26(19). doi:10.3390/molecules26195797.
Nair, Akhila, Augustine Amalraj, Joby Jacob, Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara, and Sreeraj Gopi. 2019. “Non-Curcuminoids from Turmeric and Their Potential in Cancer Therapy and Anticancer Drug Delivery Formulations.” Biomolecules 9(1). doi:10.3390/biom9010013.
Orellana-Paucar, Adriana Monserrath. 2024. “Turmeric Essential Oil Constituents as Potential Drug Candidates: A Comprehensive Overview of Their Individual Bioactivities.” Molecules 29(17). doi:10.3390/molecules29174210.
Orellana-Paucar, Adriana Monserrath, and María Gabriela Machado-Orellana. 2022. “Pharmacological Profile, Bioactivities, and Safety of Turmeric Oil.” Molecules 27(16). doi:10.3390/molecules27165055.
Shahimoridi, Aghdas, Mohammad Taghi Ebadi, Mahdi Ayyari, and Yadollah Yamini. 2025. “Optimizing Drying Techniques for Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.): Impacts on Color, Curcumin, and Essential Oil Composition.” Food Chemistry: X 30. doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102914.
Sotiboldieva, Dilnoza I., and Trobjon X. Mahkamov. 2020. “Component Composition of Essential Oils <I>Curcuma Longa</I> L. (Zingiberaceae) Introduced in Uzbekistan.” American Journal of Plant Sciences 11(08): 1247–53. doi:10.4236/ajps.2020.118088.
Stanojevi?, Jelena S, Ljiljana P Stanojevi?, Dragan J Cvetkovi?, and Bojana R Danilovi?. 2015. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE TURMERIC ESSENTIAL OIL (Curcuma Longa L.).
Tang, Guang Mei, Yi Ting Shi, Wen Gao, Meng Ning Li, Ping Li, and Hua Yang. 2022. “Comparative Analysis of Volatile Constituents in Root Tuber and Rhizome of Curcuma Longa L. Using Fingerprints and Chemometrics Approaches on Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry.” Molecules 27(10). doi:10.3390/molecules27103196.
Z. Parveen, S. Nawaz, S. Siddique, and K. Shahzad. 2013. “Composition and Antimicrobial of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Curcuma Longa L. Kasur Variety.”
