Tinjauan Kimia Medisinal Senyawa Fenolik Dari Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya) Sebagai Kandidat Antikanker: Studi Literatur
Medicinal Chemistry Review of Phenolic Compounds from Papaya (Carica Papaya) Leaves as Anticancer Candidates: A Literature Study
Abstract
Kanker merupakan tantangan kesehatan global dengan angka insiden dan mortalitas yang terus meningkat, mendorong urgensi penemuan agen terapi baru yang efektif dan aman. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk meninjau secara sistematis potensi kimia medisinal senyawa fenolik dari daun Carica papaya sebagai kandidat antikanker. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menelusuri basis data ilmiah seperti PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect untuk publikasi relevan dalam rentang 2020-2025. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan daun C. papaya kaya akan senyawa fenolik, terutama flavonoid (kuersetin, kaempferol) dan asam fenolat, yang menunjukkan aktivitas sitotoksik selektif terhadap berbagai lini sel kanker secara in vitro (misalnya, payudara, paru-paru, prostat) sambil menunjukkan toksisitas minimal pada sel normal. Mekanisme molekuler utamanya meliputi induksi apoptosis melalui modulasi rasio Bax/Bcl-2 dan aktivasi kaspase, penahanan siklus sel, serta inhibisi jalur pensinyalan pro-survival seperti PI3K/Akt dan MAPK. Simpulannya, senyawa fenolik dari daun C. papaya memiliki landasan ilmiah yang kuat untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai agen kemoterapi atau kemopreventif baru, dengan rekomendasi untuk standardisasi ekstrak dan validasi klinis lebih lanjut.
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