Tinjauan Kimia Medisinal Senyawa Fenolik Dari Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya) Sebagai Kandidat Antikanker: Studi Literatur

Medicinal Chemistry Review of Phenolic Compounds from Papaya (Carica Papaya) Leaves as Anticancer Candidates: A Literature Study

  • Saeful Amin Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Bakti Tunas Husada
  • Risma Innayatulloh Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Bakti Tunas Husada
  • Moch. Ikhsan Fauzi Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Bakti Tunas Husada
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v8i11.8804
Keywords: Antikanker, Carica papaya, Flavonoid

Abstract

Kanker merupakan tantangan kesehatan global dengan angka insiden dan mortalitas yang terus meningkat, mendorong urgensi penemuan agen terapi baru yang efektif dan aman. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk meninjau secara sistematis potensi kimia medisinal senyawa fenolik dari daun Carica papaya sebagai kandidat antikanker. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menelusuri basis data ilmiah seperti PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect untuk publikasi relevan dalam rentang 2020-2025. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan daun C. papaya kaya akan senyawa fenolik, terutama flavonoid (kuersetin, kaempferol) dan asam fenolat, yang menunjukkan aktivitas sitotoksik selektif terhadap berbagai lini sel kanker secara in vitro (misalnya, payudara, paru-paru, prostat) sambil menunjukkan toksisitas minimal pada sel normal. Mekanisme molekuler utamanya meliputi induksi apoptosis melalui modulasi rasio Bax/Bcl-2 dan aktivasi kaspase, penahanan siklus sel, serta inhibisi jalur pensinyalan pro-survival seperti PI3K/Akt dan MAPK. Simpulannya, senyawa fenolik dari daun C. papaya memiliki landasan ilmiah yang kuat untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai agen kemoterapi atau kemopreventif baru, dengan rekomendasi untuk standardisasi ekstrak dan validasi klinis lebih lanjut.

References

  1. Alara, O., Abdurahman, N., & Alara, J. A. (2020). Carica papaya: comprehensive overview of the nutritional values, phytochemicals and pharmacological activities. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-020-00481-3
  2. Amin, S., & Tsani, G. A. (2025). Tinjauan Literatur: Molecular Docking Fitokimia Indonesia Terhadap Target Terapeutik Empat Jenis Kanker. Journal of Public Health Science, 2(2), 183–190. https://doi.org/10.70248/jophs.v2i2.2191
  3. Amin, S., Wihdatunnisa, I., Aisyah, R., & Kurniawan, Y. S. (2024). Potensi Senyawa Kuersetin sebagai Antikanker Payudara melalui Pendekatan Molecular Docking. Jurnal Ilmu Medis Indonesia, 4(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.35912/jimi.v4i1.4565
  4. Anilkumar, A., & A, A. (2021). In vitro anticancer activity of “Methanolic extract of papaya blackseeds” (MPB) in Hep G2 cell lines and its effect in the regulation of bcl-2, caspase-3 and p53 gene expression. Advances in Cancer Biology - Metastasis, 4, 100025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adcanc.2021.100025
  5. Ayodipupo Babalola, B., Ifeolu Akinwande, A., Otunba, A. A., Ebenezer Adebami, G., Babalola, O., & Nwufo, C. (2024). Therapeutic benefits of Carica papaya: A review on its pharmacological activities and characterization of papain. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 17(1), 105369. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.105369
  6. Basim, S., & Kasim, A. A. (2023). Cytotoxic Activity of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Iraqi Carica papaya Leaves in Breast and Lung Cancer Cell Lines. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 24(2), 581–586. https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.2.581
  7. Chanu, N., Gogoi, P., Barbhuiya, P. A., Dutta, partha pratim, Pathak, M., & Sen, S. (2023). Natural Flavonoids as Potential Therapeutics in the Management of Diabetic Wound: A Review. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 23. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026623666230419102140
  8. Fakudze, N. T., Sarbadhikary, P., George, B. P., & Abrahamse, H. (2023). Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Anticancer Potentials of African Medicinal Fruits: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals, 16(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16081117
  9. Ferlay, J., Colombet, M., Soerjomataram, I., Parkin, D. M., Piñeros, M., Znaor, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview. International Journal of Cancer, 149(4), 778–789. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.33588
  10. Kashtoh, H., & Baek, K. H. (2022). Recent Updates on Phytoconstituent Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors: An Approach towards the Treatment of Type Two Diabetes. Plants, 11(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11202722
  11. Kementrian Kesehatan RI. (2024). Rencana kanker nasional 2024-2034. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, September, 93–94.
  12. Muhammad, N., Usmani, D., Tarique, M., Naz, H., Ashraf, M., Raliya, R., Tabrez, S., Zughaibi, T. A., Alsaieedi, A., Hakeem, I. J., & Suhail, M. (2022). The Role of Natural Products and Their Multitargeted Approach to Treat Solid Cancer. Cells, 11(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11142209
  13. Pandey, P., Lakhanpal, S., Bishoyi, A. K., Jyothi, S. R., Mishra, S., Verma, M., Singh, A., Alam, M. W., Rab, S. O., Saeed, M., & Khan, F. (2025). Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from plant extracts: a comprehensive review focused on anticancer therapy. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 16(May), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1600347
  14. Pandey, S., Walpole, C., Cabot, P. J., Shaw, P. N., Batra, J., & Hewavitharana, A. K. (2017). Selective anti-proliferative activities of Carica papaya leaf juice extracts against prostate cancer. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 89, 515–523. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.050
  15. Patel, S., Rana, K., Arya, P., Nelson, J., Hernandez, V., & Minakova, V. (2024). Anticancer Activity of Phytochemicals of the Papaya Plant Assessed: A Narrative Review. Journal of Cancer Prevention, 29(3), 58–68. https://doi.org/10.15430/jcp.24.020
  16. Rahmawati, A. M., Anam, K., & Sasikirana, W. (2023). Review Artikel?: Potensi Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) sebagai Antikanker. Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 3(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.14710/genres.v3i1.17197
  17. Ranjan, S., Devi, H., & Mukhopadhyay, S. (2022). A review article on: Phytochemical and pharmacological activities of carica papaya. International Journal of Health Sciences, 11077–11088. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS3.8557
  18. Rastini, M. B. O., Giantari, N. K. M., Adnyani, K. D., & Laksmiani, N. P. L. (2019). Molecular Docking Aktivitas Antikanker Dari Kuersetin Terhadap Kanker Payudara Secara in Silico. Jurnal Kimia, 180. https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2019.v13.i02.p09
  19. Ren, W., Qiao, Z., Wang, H., Zhu, L., & Zhang, L. (2020). Flavonoids: Promising Anticancer Agents. Medicinal Research Reviews, 23, 519–534. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.10033
  20. Sharma, A., Sharma, R., Sharma, M., Kumar, M., Barbhai, M. D., Lorenzo, J. M., Sharma, S., Samota, M. K., Atanassova, M., Caruso, G., Naushad, M., Radha, Chandran, D., Prakash, P., Hasan, M., Rais, N., Dey, A., Mahato, D. K., Dhumal, S., … Mekhemar, M. (2022a). Carica papaya L. Leaves: Deciphering Its Antioxidant Bioactives, Biological Activities, Innovative Products, and Safety Aspects. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022(June). https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2451733
  21. Sharma, A., Sharma, R., Sharma, M., Kumar, M., Barbhai, M. D., Lorenzo, J. M., Sharma, S., Samota, M. K., Atanassova, M., Caruso, G., Naushad, M., Radha, Chandran, D., Prakash, P., Hasan, M., Rais, N., Dey, A., Mahato, D. K., Dhumal, S., … Mekhemar, M. (2022b). Carica papaya L. Leaves: Deciphering Its Antioxidant Bioactives, Biological Activities, Innovative Products, and Safety Aspects. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022(1), 2451733. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2451733
  22. Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71(3), 209–249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
  23. Thanigaimalai, M., Nainangu, P., Panda, S. P., Shaik, M. R., Hussain, S. A., Antonyraj, A. P. M., & Guru, A. (2025). The extracts of Carica papaya (Linn.): Phytochemical studies, anti-infective, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties against cervical carcinoma. South African Journal of Botany, 177, 604–616. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.009
  24. Tian, X., Srinivasan, P. R., Tajiknia, V., Sanchez Sevilla Uruchurtu, A. F., Seyhan, A. A., Carneiro, B. A., De La Cruz, A., Pinho-Schwermann, M., George, A., Zhao, S., Strandberg, J., Di Cristofano, F., Zhang, S., Zhou, L., Raufi, A. G., Navaraj, A., Zhang, Y., Verovkina, N., Ghandali, M., … El-Deiry, W. S. (2024). Targeting apoptotic pathways for cancer therapy. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 134(14). https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI179570
  25. WHO. (2024). Global cancer burden growing, amidst mounting need for services. 45(3), 326–327.
  26. Wulandari, D., Amin, S., Anamareri, N., & Azizah, A. (2025). Tinjauan Kimia Medisinal Senyawa Fenol dari Ekstrak Daun dan Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya) sebagai Anti Kanker. Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 4, 132–146. https://doi.org/10.55606/klinik.v4i2.3926
  27. Zuhrotun Nisa, F., Astuti, M., Murdiati, A., & Mubarika Haryana, S. (2017). Anti-proliferation and Apoptosis Induction of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Carica papaya L. on Human Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences?: PJBS, 20(1), 36–41. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2017.36.41
Published
2025-11-13
Issue
(Special Issue) - Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains (JKS) - November 2025
Section
Article