Effect of Active Leg Stretching on Foot Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Tilongkabila Health Center
Keywords:
Active Leg Stretching , Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Blood Sugar Control, Foot Sensitivity
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that often causes complications of peripheral neuropathy in the form of decreased sensitivity of the legs. This condition increases the risk of diabetic leg injuries to amputation if prevention is not carried out early. One of the nonpharmacological interventions that can be carried out is Active Leg Stretching. This study aims to determine the effect of Active Leg Stretching on foot sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at the Tilongkabila Health Center. This study uses a pre-experimental design with a one group pretest–posttest approach. The study sample was a type 2 diabetes mellitus patient who experienced decreased sensitivity of the legs and was selected using the Purposive Sampling technique. Active Leg Stretching interventions were administered according to standard operating procedures during the study period. Leg sensitivity was measured using monofilament tests before and after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed an increase in foot sensitivity after being given an Active Stretching Leg intervention with a statistically significant difference (p-value < 0.05). This increase occurs because leg stretching can improve blood flow, reduce muscle stiffness, and improve nerve function, so the sensitivity of the legs increases. It can be concluded that Active Leg Stretching has a significant effect on increasing foot sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This intervention is recommended as a simple, safe, and easily applied nonpharmacological therapy in primary health care.
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Nuraisyah, F., Ruliyandari, R., & Matahari, R. (2021). Family History of Type II Diabetes with Blood Sugar Levels. Journal of Midwifery and Nursing Aisyiyah, 16(2), 253–259. https://doi.org/10.31101/jkk.1356
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Widiyono, Suwarni, A., & Aryani, A. (2022b). Provision of diabetic foot exercises on the sensitivity of the feet of type ii dm patients in Mulyorejo Village, Kalijirak, Tasikmadu, Karanganyar. Health Information and Promotion, 1(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.58439/ipk.v1i1.6
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Yahaya, J. J., Doya, I. F., Morgan, E. D., Ngaiza, A. I., & Bintabara, D. (2023). Poor glycemic control and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36675-3
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Yudha Chrisanto, E. (2020). Self-management behavior with the incidence of diabetic ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Vol. 14, Issue 3).
Yulia, H., 1?, R., & Cahyati, W. H. (2022). 350 HIGEIA 6 (3) (2022) HIGEIA Journal Of Public Health Research And Development Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus at Productive Age at the Pasar Rebo District Health Center Abstract. https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v6i3.55268
Zhu, J., Hu, Z., Luo, Y., Liu, Y., Luo, W., Du, X., Luo, Z., Hu, J., & Peng, S. (2024). Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1265372
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Dwi Wahyuningsih, B., & Kusumaningrum, U. A. (2021a). Increased Leg Sensitivity with Range of Motion Diabetic Exercise in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. EDUNursing Journal, 5(2). http://journal.unipdu.ac.id
Dwi Wahyuningsih, B., & Kusumaningrum, U. A. (2021b). Increased Leg Sensitivity with Range of Motion Diabetic Exercise in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. EDU Journal of Nursing, 5(2). http://journal.unipdu.ac.id
Erdaliza, E., Mitra, M., Rany, N., Harnani, Y., & Rienarti Abidin, A. (2024). Risk factors associated with complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Community Health, 10(3), 534–545. https://doi.org/10.25311/keskom.vol10.iss3.2039
Ervanti, Y., Puspitasari, Y., & Melda, B. (2023). J u r n a l k e p e r a w a t a n m u h a m m a d i y a h The effect of resistance exercise on the value of the ankle brachial index and the decrease in blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the working area of the Poncokusumo Health Center in Malang. In Muhammadiyah Nursing Journal (Vol. 8, Issue 4).
Fitriani, F., Fadilla, R., & Undergraduate Study of Nursing STIKES Mitra Adiguna Palembang Kenten Permai Blok Complex, P. J. (2020). The effect of diabetic gymnastics on reducing blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. In Journal of Health and Development (Vol. 10, Issue 19).
Florenza Laowo, D., Batubara, K., Nursing, D., Kesdam Nursing, A. I., & Medan, B. (2021). Health Education About Treatment of Foot Wounds in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. 2(2), 68–73. https://doi.org/10.36590/v2.i2.183
Herni, H., Syahruddin, S., & Mappanyukki, A. A. (2022). The Effectiveness of Diabetic Gymnastics Exercises on Lowering Blood Glucose. Physical Activity Journal, 4(1), 135. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.paju.2022.4.1.6396
IDF. (2024). International Diabetes Federation.
Indarti, E. T., & Palupi, H. (2020). Foot Exercises are more effective in improving blood circulation to the legs than reducing glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus in the work area of the rejoso health center.
Joko Waluyo, S., Nur Solikah, S., DIII Nursing, P., & Insan Husada Surakarta, A. (2020). The effect of diabetic gymnastics on reducing blood sugar levels at the Mboga Sukoharjo Primary Clinic. In the Scientific Journal of Nursing (Vol. 8, Issue 2).
Lestari, D. T., & Mundriyastutik, Y. (2023a). Motivation for physical exercise in people with diabetes mellitus. In Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ( Vol. 14, Issue 1).
Lestari, D. T., & Mundriyastutik, Y. (2023b). Motivation for physical exercise in people with diabetes mellitus. In Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ( Vol. 14, Issue 1).
Maugeri, G., D'Agata, V., Trovato, B., Roggio, F., Castorina, A., Vecchio, M., di Rosa, M., & Musumeci, G. (2021). The role of exercise on peripheral nerve regeneration: from animal model to clinical application. Helion, 7(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08281
Melati Putri, A., & Hasneli, Y. (2020). Factors Affecting the Severity of Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus : Literature Review Factors Associated of Severity of Peripheral Neuropathy Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Literature Review.
Murtiningsih, M. K., Pandelaki, K., & Sedli, B. P. (2021). Lifestyle as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.9.2.2021.32852
Muthmainnah, A., Fujiko Said, M. M., Nulanda, M., Millaty Halifah Dirgahayu Lantara, A., Safei, I., Sina YW-UMI, I., & Makassar, K. (2025). The relationship between physical activity and blood sugar levels in women of childbearing age. In August (Vol. 12, Issue 8). http://ejurnalmalahayati.ac.id/index.php/kesehatan
Muzhaffarah, S. F., Simamora, R. S., Program, R., Nursing, S. I., High, S., & Health, I. (2024). The relationship between family support and blood sugar control adherence in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/JPPP
Nascimento Folha, P., P. F. Bacurau, R., S. Aoki, M., & Massa, M. (2024). Effect of active static stretching on glycemia in type 2 diabetes. Manual Therapy, Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal, 22. https://doi.org/10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2024.22.1308
By Kadek Yuni Lestari, I. G. A. P. S. L. (2020). Physical Activity with Blood Sugar Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. www.stikes-khkediri.ac.id
Nora, P., Gultom, N., Harahap, F., Edi, S., & Sipahutar, H. (2025). The Relationship Between Sex and Age in Diabetes Mellitus at the Medan City Health Center in 2024-2025. BIOSHELL JOURNAL, 14(1), 142–150. https://doi.org/10.56013/bio.v14i1.3960
Nuraisyah, F., Ruliyandari, R., & Matahari, R. (2021). Family History of Type II Diabetes with Blood Sugar Levels. Journal of Midwifery and Nursing Aisyiyah, 16(2), 253–259. https://doi.org/10.31101/jkk.1356
Pratama, K., Kardiatun, T., Amrullah, S., Pradika, J., Paramitha, N., Ikhwan, M., Program, S., Nursing, S., Technology, I., Muhammadiyah, K., Barat, K., Sungai, J., & Dalam, R. (2024). Implementation of video-based diabetic foot assessment and treatment protocols. http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/JPM
Rahman, T., Suhendro, P., Nindawi, N., & Mufidah, M. (2025). Microvascular Complication Analysis: Differences in Neuropathy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Who Are Treated Regularly and Who Are Not Regular. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 7(11), 5074–5086. https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v7i11.21458
Rahmawati, S. E., & Gati, N. W. (2025). Application of Range of Motion (ROM) Active Legs to Improve Stiff Sensitivity in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. https://journal-mandiracendikia.com/jikmc
Rizky Rohmatulloh, V., Pardjianto, B., Sekar Kinasih, L., Doctor Education Studies, P., Medicine and Health Sciences, F., & Islam Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, U. (2024). The relationship between age and sex to the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on 4 diagnosis criteria at the Internal Medicine Polyclinic of Karsa Husada Hospital, Batu City. 8(1).
Setyani, D., & Setyoningrum, U. (2024). Indonesian Journal of Nursing Research (IJNR) Differences in Signs of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Before and After Diabetic Foot Exercises in Type 2 DM Patients in Nglorog Village. In Umi Setyoningrum umi_setyoningrum@yahoo.com Indonesian Journal of Nursing Research (Vol. 7, Issue 1). http://jurnal.unw.ac.id/ijnr
Sriyati. (2024). Scientific Journal of STIKES Yarsi Mataram: Diabetic Neuropathy as a Predisposing Factor for Leg Injuries: Vol. XIV (Issue 1). http://journal.stikesyarsimataram.ac.id/index.php/jik
Susanti Papuke, S., Irbar, I., Nursing, J., & Ministry of Health Gorontalo, P. (2025). Effect of diabetic foot gymnastics on foot sensitivity with Ipswich Touch Test (IPTT) measurement.
Tarigan, A. R., Nainggolan, E., Saragih, N. P., Laily, E. I., Basri, & Rinawati. (2025). The Effect of Foot Exercises on Foot Sensitivity in People with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Indonesian Online Journal of Nursing, 7(2), 88–94. https://doi.org/10.51544/keperawatan.v7i2.5463
Thomas, E., Ficarra, S., Nakamura, M., Drid, P., Trivic, T., & Bianco, A. (2024). The Effects of Stretching Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. In Sports Medicine - Open (Vol. 10, Issue 1). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00661-w
Ustadiyah, M., Widianti, E., Setyarini, A., Study Program,), Malang, K., Nursing, J., Health, P., & Malang, K. (2024). Implementation of diabetic foot gymnastics exercises to increase the sensitivity of the feet of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Nursing Widya Gantari Indonesia, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.52020/jkwgi.v8i3.8579
Vanny Damanik, I. R. B. S. R. L. E. A. Elv. F. M. S. (2024). Effect of Active Leg Stretching on Reducing Blood Glucose Levels in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. In January (Vol. 4, Issue 1).
WHO. (2024). World Health Organization.
Widiyono, Suwarni, A., & Aryani, A. (2022a). Provision of diabetic foot exercises on the sensitivity of the feet of type ii dm patients in Mulyorejo Village, Kalijirak, Tasikmadu, Karanganyar. Health Information and Promotion, 1(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.58439/ipk.v1i1.6
Widiyono, Suwarni, A., & Aryani, A. (2022b). Provision of diabetic foot exercises on the sensitivity of the feet of type ii dm patients in Mulyorejo Village, Kalijirak, Tasikmadu, Karanganyar. Health Information and Promotion, 1(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.58439/ipk.v1i1.6
Widyadhari Damayanti, V., Yonata, A., & Kurniawaty, E. (2023). Evi Kurniawaty | Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathophysiology and Medulla Risk Factors | (Vol. 14, Issue 1).
Yahaya, J. J., Doya, I. F., Morgan, E. D., Ngaiza, A. I., & Bintabara, D. (2023). Poor glycemic control and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36675-3
Yang, Y., Zhao, B., Wang, Y., Lan, H., Liu, X., Hu, Y., & Cao, P. (2025). Diabetic neuropathy: cutting-edge research and future directions. In Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (Vol. 10, Issue 1). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02175-1
Yudha Chrisanto, E. (2020). Self-management behavior with the incidence of diabetic ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Vol. 14, Issue 3).
Yulia, H., 1?, R., & Cahyati, W. H. (2022). 350 HIGEIA 6 (3) (2022) HIGEIA Journal Of Public Health Research And Development Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus at Productive Age at the Pasar Rebo District Health Center Abstract. https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v6i3.55268
Zhu, J., Hu, Z., Luo, Y., Liu, Y., Luo, W., Du, X., Luo, Z., Hu, J., & Peng, S. (2024). Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1265372
Published
2026-01-09
How to Cite
Rahma Aulia Mansur, Ita Sulistiani, & Gusti Pandi Liputo. (2026). Effect of Active Leg Stretching on Foot Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Tilongkabila Health Center. International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 8(1), 570~580. https://doi.org/10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.10066
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Copyright (c) 2026 Rahma Aulia Mansur, Ita Sulistiani, Gusti Pandi Liputo
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