Konsumsi Minuman Alkohol Komersial dan Oplosan terhadap Pakan Harian, Perilaku, Berat Badan, dan Morfologi Hati Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)
The Consumption of Commercial Red Wine 19,8% and Illicit Alcoholic/Oplosan Beverages on Daily Feed, Behavior, Body Weight, and Liver Morphology in White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Keywords:
Alkohol Komersial; Oplosan; Perilaku Motorik; Konsumsi Pakan; Rattus norvegicus
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek konsumsi anggur merah komersial (19,8%) dan minuman oplosan terhadap konsumsi pakan, berat badan, perilaku motorik, serta morfologi hati tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Sebanyak sembilan ekor tikus jantan dewasa dibagi acak menjadi tiga kelompok: kontrol (air), alkohol komersial, dan oplosan. Perlakuan diberikan secara oral selama 30 hari. Parameter yang diukur meliputi konsumsi pakan dan air harian, perubahan berat badan mingguan, perilaku kecemasan melalui uji Black and White Box, serta pemeriksaan morfologi hati secara mikroskopis pasca-nekropsi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kedua jenis alkohol menurunkan konsumsi pakan, berat badan, dan aktivitas motorik, serta meningkatkan kecenderungan perilaku cemas, dengan dampak paling menonjol pada kelompok oplosan. Pengamatan mikroskopis hati tidak mengindikasikan kerusakan struktural yang nyata, meskipun kemungkinan perubahan mikroskopis tetap ada dan memerlukan analisis histopatologi lanjutan. Kesimpulannya, konsumsi alkohol, khususnya oplosan, berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan fisiologis dan perilaku meskipun perubahan anatomis mikroskopis hati belum terlihat dalam periode perlakuan 30 hari.
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Aisyyah, S., Khatimah, H., & Damaynati, S. (2017). Pengaruh pemberian alkohol terhadap organ vital mencit (Mus musculus) ICR (Sebuah review). Proceeding Seminar Nasional Biology for Life. ISBN: 978-602-72245-2-0
Ambade, A., & Mandrekar, P. (2012). Oxidative stress and inflammation: Essential partners in alcoholic liver disease. International Journal of Hepatology. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/853175
Becker, H. C., Lopez, M. F., & Doremus-Fitzwater, T. L. (2008). Effects of stress on alcohol drinking: A review of animal studies. Psychopharmacology, 199(4), 563–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1378-5
Dulman, R. S., Auta, J., Teppen, T., & Pandey, S. C. (2019). Acute ethanol produces ataxia and induces Fmr1 expression via histone modifications in the rat cerebellum. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 43(6), 1191–1198. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14044
Fortes, R. C. (2017). Nutritional implications in chronic liver diseases. Journal of Liver Research, Disorders & Therapy, 3(5), 00071. https://doi.org/10.15406/jlrdt.2017.03.0007
Görisch, J., & Schwarting, R. K. (2006). Wistar rats with high versus low rearing activity differ in radial maze performance. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 86(2), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2006.02.004
Hanifah, L. N. (2023). Faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumsi alkohol dan dampak alkohol terhadap kesehatan berdasarkan teori perilaku. Media Gizi Kesmas, 12(1), 453–462. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v12i1.2023.453-462
https://animal.ncku.edu.tw/p/412-1130-22971.php?Lang=en&utm_source diakses pada tanggal 09/08/2025
Kanda, A. S., & Riana, A. (2024). Pengaruh miras oplosan terhadap generasi muda dan lingkungan masyarakat di Cikole, Lembang. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.61722/jiem.v2i2.926
Kartika, A. A. (2022). Analisis kadar alkohol pada minuman tuak dan arak menggunakan metode berat jenis dan kromatografi gas-FID. Acta Holistica Pharmaciana, 4(2), 80–106. https://doi.org/10.62857/ahp.v4i2.136
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Kodariah, L., Rezaldy, R., Kesuma, S., & Baehaki, F. (2022). Liver histology of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) following oral administration of 50% ethanol. Journal of Sustainability, Science, and Technology, 2(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.23960/josst.v2i1.21
Kumar, S., Porcu, P., Werner, D. F., Matthews, D. B., Diaz-Granados, J. L., Helfand, R. S., & Morrow, A. L. (2009). The role of GABA(A) receptors in the acute and chronic effects of ethanol: A decade of progress. Psychopharmacology, 205(4), 529–564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-009-1562-z
Lailatul, N. F., Diana, L. Y., & Mudjiwijono, H. (2015). Efek pemberian asam alfa lipoat terhadap kadar MDA dan gambaran histologi pada hati tikus model diabetes melitus tipe 1. Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya, 28(3), 170–177.
Mulyadi, M. (2014). Darurat miras oplosan Indonesia.
Najafipour, H., Joukar, S., & Asadi-Shekaari, M. (2019). Chronic alcohol consumption and anxiety: The role of GABA. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 22(6), 545–553. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.32632.7806
Najiyah, R., & Hariani, N. (2021). Pengaruh alkohol terhadap metabolisme energi dan berat badan tikus. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan, 19(2), 101–109.
Ruan, X., & Yao, M. (2021). Behavioral analysis of rats in black and white box test. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 348, 109016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.109016
Salete-Granado, D., Carbonell, C., Puertas-Miranda, D., Vega-Rodríguez, V.-J., García-Macia, M., Herrero, A. B., & Marcos, M. (2023). Autophagy, oxidative stress, and alcoholic liver disease: A systematic review and potential clinical applications. Antioxidants, 12(7), 1425. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071425
Sandeep, S., Shalini, S., & Kumar, M. (2010). Alcohol and its effects on human body. International Journal of Medical Toxicology & Forensic Medicine, 2(4), 40–46.
Saraswati, T. R., Indraswari, E., & Nurani. (2009). Pengaruh formalin, diazepam dan minuman beralkohol terhadap konsumsi pakan, minum dan bobot tubuh Mus musculus. Jurnal Sains dan Matematika, 17(3), 141–144.
Todd, D., Clapp, M., Dains, P., Karacay, B., & Bonthius, D. J. (2022). Purkinje cell-specific deletion of CREB worsens alcohol-induced cerebellar neuronal losses and motor deficits. Alcohol, 101, 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.02.005
Wibowo, H., Anjani, R., & Nugroho, A. (2018). Studi histopatologi hati mencit yang diberi alkohol dengan dosis berbeda selama 60 hari. Jurnal Farmasi dan Sains, 6(2), 88–96.
Yabe, T. (2020). Effect of diet and water availability on Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia: Muridae) distribution. In IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92307
Zuhri, M. A., & Dona, F. (2021). Penggunaan alkohol untuk kepentingan medis: Tinjauan. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.36277/jimki.v1i2.210
