Pengaruh Faktor Rumah Tangga terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Indonesia: Tinjauan Sistematis
The Influence of Household Factors on Stunting among Under-Five Children in Indonesia: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama di Indonesia yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai determinan di tingkat rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis bukti ilmiah mengenai faktor rumah tangga yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia. Tinjauan literatur sistematis ini disusun berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA 2020 dengan pencarian artikel pada PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar periode 2019–2024. Sebanyak enam artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara naratif. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan orang tua, jumlah anggota keluarga, status ekonomi, praktik ASI eksklusif, sanitasi rumah tangga, dan lokasi tempat tinggal berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian stunting. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa stunting pada balita di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan dalam rumah tangga serta pentingnya intervensi pencegahan berbasis keluarga.
References
Anggraeni Puspitasari, D., Kustiyah, L., Meti Dwiriani, C., Widodo, Y., Pascasarjana, S., Pertanian Bogor, I., Raya Darmaga Bogor Indonesia, J., Penelitian dan Pengembangan Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, P., & Kesehatan Jl Percetakan, K. R. (2021). Effect of Family Characteristics And Nutritional Status of Children With Cognitive Development on Preschool Age Children in Bogor City). 44(2), 105–113.
Arifuddin, H., Arifuddin, H., Arifuddin, A., & Nur, A. F. (2023). The Risk Factors of Stunting Children Aged 0-5 Years In Indonesia: A Multilevel Analysis. Healthy Tadulako Journal (Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako), 9(1), 109–119.
Azis Barai, S., & Nurmahfuzhah, N. (2023). Cultivating Sustainability: Exploring the Relationship between Homestead Gardening, Land Property, and Family Economic Pressure in Household with Stunting Children. Journal of Family Sciences E, 08(02), 190–203.
Davis-Kean, P. E., Tighe, L. A., & Waters, N. E. (2021). The Role of Parent Educational Attainment in Parenting and Children’s Development.
Desmita, R., Syuaibah Siregar, R., Ivanda, V., Hanoselina, Y., & Helmi, R. F. (2025). Peran Tenaga Kesehatan dalam Pemberdayaan Keluarga untuk Pencegahan Stunting. Culture Education and Technology Research (Cetera), 2.
Devgade, P., & Patil, M. (2023). Water, sanitation, and hygiene assessment at household level in the community: A narrative review. In Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University (Vol. 18, Issue 1, pp. 173–177). Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_453_22
Djaiman, S. P. H., Rizkianti, A., Rachmalina, R., Achjar, K. A. H., Lestari, A. S., & Ruspawan, I. M. (2025). Contextual Risk Factors of Stunting and Severe Stunting among Indonesian Children under 2 Years: Based on Cross-sectional Data from Basic Health Research. Indian Journal of Public Health, 69(1), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_1276_23
Drummond, E., Watson, F., & Blankenship, J. (2021). Southeast Asia Regional Report on Maternal Nutrition and Complementary Feeding. www.unicef.org/eap/
Fanezi, L. N., Getellina, C. O., & Rotoli, A. (2023). Aspectos da primeira infância: etapa elementar para o desenvolvimento humano. Mundo Da Saude, 47(1). https://doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.202347e10112021P
Gurbani, N., Dhyani, A., Ammarah, S., & Baghel, P. (2022). WASH practices in childhood stunting - A narrative review article. In Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University (Vol. 17, Issue 1, pp. 175–179). Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_451_21
Hadi, M. I., Kumalasari, M. L. F., & Kusumawati, E. (2022). Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting di Indonesia: Studi Literatur. Journal of Health Science and Prevention, 3(2), 86–93. https://doi.org/10.29080/jhsp.v3i2.238
Labusa, P., Noya, F., Widianti Longgupa, L., Entoh, C., Yulita Siregar, N., Ramadhan, K., & Usman, H. (2022). Sosial Ekonomi Dan Pengetahuan Ibu Terhadap Pemberian Asi Eksklusif. Jurnal Sehat Mandiri, 17. http://jurnal.poltekkespadang.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jsm
Li, Z., Kim, R., Vollmer, S., & Subramanian, S. V. (2020). Factors Associated with Child Stunting, Wasting, and Underweight in 35 Low- And Middle-Income Countries. JAMA Network Open, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3386
Liza, M. S., Puspasari, D., Sulistiowati, E., Marsini, R., & Syachroni. (2024). Laporan Tematik Survei Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2023.
Mishra, A., Zhou, B., Rodriguez-Martinez, A., Bixby, H., Singleton, R. K., Carrillo-Larco, R. M., Sheffer, K. E., Paciorek, C. J., Bennett, J. E., Lhoste, V., Iurilli, M. L. C., Di Cesare, M., Bentham, J., Phelps, N. H., Sophiea, M. K., Stevens, G. A., Danaei, G., Cowan, M. J., Savin, S., … Ezzati, M. (2023). Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development. Nature, 615(7954), 874–883. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8
Mustajab, A. A., & Romdiyah. (2022). Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Orangtua Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita. Maternity And Neonatal?: Jurnal Kebidanan, 10. https://journal.upp.ac.id/index.php/jmn
Natassya, P., & Soesanto, S. (2024). Pengaruh Stunting Terhadap Perkembangan Kognitif pada Balita Hingga Remaja. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Terpadu, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.25105/jkgt.v6i1.19137
Rachmayanti, R. D., Kevaladandra, Z., Ibnu, F., & Khamidah, N. (2022). Systematic Review: Protective Factors from the Risks of Stunting in Breastfeeding Period. Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia, 17(2), 72–78. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpki.17.2.72-78
Raiten, D. J., & Bremer, A. A. (2020). Exploring the nutritional ecology of stunting: New approaches to an old problem. Nutrients, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020371
Santoso, A. L., Sanjaya, A., Khamidah, N., Idawati, I., Surabaya, K., Ilmu, D., Masyarakat, K., Kedokteran, F., Wijaya, U., Dukuh Kupang Xxv, J., Surabaya, J., & Timur, I. (2024). Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Pada Stunting.
Tongkonoo, I., Wahyuni Baderan, D. K., Solang, M., Negeri Gorontalo, U., Biologi, J., Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, F., & Wahyuni KBaderan, D. (2021). The Relationship of Social, Economic, and Enviromental Factors with Stunting Occurrence in Toddlers. 3(2), 256. http://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jjhsr/index
WHO. (2024). Reducing Stunting in Childrens.
WHO, WB, & UNICEF. (2023). Levels and Trends in Child Nutrition.
Wicaksono, F., & Harsanti, T. (2020). Determinants of stunted children in Indonesia: A multilevelanalysis at the individual, household, and community levels. Kesmas, 15(1), 48–53. https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v15i1.2771
Yunita, L., & Surayana, D. (2021). Perkembangan Personality Sosial Usia Bayi Dan Toddler. Jurnal Family Education, 1(4), 14–22. https://doi.org/10.24036/jfe.v1i4.20
