Peran Gender dalam Mendukung Pemulihan Kesehatan Ibu pada Masa Postpartum: Tinjauan Literatur
The Role of Gender in Supporting Maternal Health Recovery in the Postpartum Period: A Literature Review
Abstract
Masa postpartum merupakan periode kritis yang menentukan kesehatan fisik dan psikologis ibu, di mana peran dan konstruksi gender memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap proses pemulihan. Ketimpangan gender, norma sosial yang kaku, serta minimnya dukungan pasangan dan lingkungan sosial dapat meningkatkan beban fisik, tekanan mental, dan risiko gangguan kesehatan ibu pascapersalinan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh peran dan konstruksi gender terhadap kesehatan ibu pada masa postpartum, serta mengidentifikasi implikasi kebijakan yang mendukung penerapan kesetaraan gender dalam pelayanan kesehatan maternal. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic narrative literature review dengan penelusuran artikel pada basis data PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth menggunakan kata kunci “gender”, “postpartum health”, dan “maternal recovery”. Seleksi artikel mengikuti pedoman PRISMA dengan kriteria inklusi publikasi tahun 2015–2025, berbahasa Inggris atau Indonesia, dan relevan dengan isu gender serta pemulihan kesehatan ibu postpartum. Sebanyak 10 artikel terpilih dianalisis secara mendalam. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa norma gender yang tidak setara meningkatkan beban kerja fisik dan kognitif ibu, memperburuk kesehatan mental, serta menghambat akses terhadap layanan kesehatan pascapersalinan. Sebaliknya, keterlibatan pasangan, dukungan sosial berbasis keluarga dan komunitas, serta kebijakan berperspektif gender terbukti berkontribusi positif terhadap pemulihan kesehatan ibu. Kajian ini menegaskan pentingnya integrasi perspektif gender dalam sistem pelayanan kesehatan maternal dan perlunya pengembangan intervensi berbasis komunitas yang sensitif terhadap konteks sosial dan budaya untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan ibu postpartum secara berkelanjutan.
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