Hubungan Antara Pemakaian Smartphone Dengan Kejadian Myopia Pada Anak Sekolah SMP Laboratorium Undiksha Tahun 2025
The Relationship Between Smartphone Use and Myopia Incidence in Students of SMP Laboratorium Undiksha In 2025
Abstract
atar Belakang: Myopia merupakan kelainan refraksi mata yang prevalensinya terus meningkat, terutama pada anak usia sekolah. Salah satu faktor risiko yang banyak diteliti adalah penggunaan smartphone secara berlebihan, terutama untuk aktivitas dekat dengan durasi lama. Kondisi ini dapat menimbulkan kelelahan akomodasi dan perubahan panjang aksial bola mata yang memperburuk progresivitas myopia. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara pemakaian smartphone dengan kejadian myopia pada siswa SMP Laboratorium Undiksha tahun 2025. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross-sectional). Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa SMP Laboratorium Undiksha tahun 2025. Sampel penelitian ditentukan menggunakan perhitungan G*Power dengan parameter ? = 0,05, power = 0,80, odds ratio = 8,308, dan proporsi p2 = 0,12, sehingga diperoleh minimal 28 responden, dibulatkan menjadi 30, dan ditambahkan cadangan 20% sehingga total minimal sampel adalah 36 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi siswa aktif dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian. Data pemakaian smartphone dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur mengenai durasi dan pola penggunaan. Diagnosis myopia ditegakkan melalui pemeriksaan tajam penglihatan, uji pinhole, dan refraksi objektif menggunakan autorefraktometer. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-square. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam upaya pencegahan myopia pada anak sekolah melalui edukasi penggunaan smartphone yang bijak dan peningkatan aktivitas luar ruangan.
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