Analisis Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Pekerja Informal Nelayan Di Kabupaten Batubara
Analysis of Occupational Accident Risks Among Informal Fishermen Workers in Batubara Regency
Keywords:
Bowtie Analysis, Kecelakaan Kerja, Risiko, Nelayan
Abstract
Data FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), menyebutkan bahwa sebanyak 16 kali lebih tinggi kematian yang terjadi pada pekerjaan nelayan dibandingkan dengan jumlah kematian pada pekerjaan berbahaya lainnya di dunia. Tujuan penelitian nengetahui dan menganalisis risiko kecelakaan kerja pada pekerja informal nelayan di Kabupaten Batubara menggunakan metode Bowtie Analysis. Metode ini menggunakan kualitatif dengan analisis Bowtie. Informan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 7 informan. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan observasi secara langsung. Data dianalisis secara metode Bowtie Analysis. Berdasarkan penelitian terhadap 7 nelayan penangkap ikan di Kabupaten Batubara, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa risiko kecelakaan kerja dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan yang tidak aman, seperti lantai licin, suhu lembab, jaring kasar, cuaca ekstrem, kebisingan, biota laut berbahaya, ombak kencang, serta faktor kepercayaan. Penyebab dari risiko kecelakaan ini diakibatkan oleh kelalaian dari nelayan itu sendiri, cuaca ekstrem, unsafe action dan unsafe condition. Pencegahan dilakukan melalui pengelolaan lingkungan, faktor manusia, peralatan, kearifan lokal, dan pengobatan tradisional. Pengendalian bahaya mencakup perawatan kapal, pemasangan pegangan, menjaga lantai kapal tetap kering, serta penyediaan pelampung sederhana.
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Zytoon, M. A., & Basahel, A. M. 2017. “Occupational Safety and Health Conditions Aboard Small- and Medium-Size Fishing Vessels?: Differences among Age Groups.” International Journal of Environmental Research and.
Basya, I. F., Bambang, A. N., & Boesono, H. 2019. “Perception and Participation about Work Safety in Fisheries of Vertical Longline Ship Fishing at PPN Prigi Trenggalek Regency , East Jawa.” International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography, 13(2): 277–291.
Bosch-Belmar, M., Milisenda, G., Basso, L., Doyle, T. K., Leone, A., & Piraino, S. 2020. “Jellyfish Impacts on Marine Aquaculture and Fisheries.” Reviews in Fisheries Science and Aquaculture, 29(2): 242-259.
Burella, G., & Moro, L. 2021. “A Comparative Study of the Methods to Assess Occupational Noise Exposures of Fish Harvesters.” Safety and Health at Work, 12(2): 230–237.
Conley, K. R., & Sutherland, K. R. 2015. “Commercial Fishers’ Perceptions of Jellyfish Interference in the Northern California Current.” ICES Journal of Marine Science, 72(5): 1565–1575.
Dharmawirawan, D. A., & Modjo, R. 2013. “Identifikasi Bahaya Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Pada Penangkapan Ikan Nelayan Muroami Health and Safety Hazards Identification in Muroami Fishing.” Jurnal Kelautan Nasional, 8(2): 221–236.
Dwi Putri Sulistiya Ningsih, & Rahmawati, I. 2021. “Association Between Duration As a Fisherman, Distance of Health Facilities and Smoking With Pterygium’S Disease in Fisherman in Bengkulu. Nurse and Health:” Jurnal Keperawatan, 10(1): 65–71.
Elizabeth A. Masterson, Themann, C. L., & Calvert, G. M. 2018. “Prevalence of Hearing Loss among Noise-Exposed Workers within the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting Sector, 2003–2012.” Am J Ind Med, 61(1): 42–50.
Fanani Basya, Irham, Azis Nur Bambang, and Herry Boesono. 2019. “Perception and Participation about Work Safety in Fisheries of Vertical Longline Ship Fishing at PPN Prigi Trenggalek Regency, East Jawa.” International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography 13(2): 277–91.
Goetsch, D. L. 2015. 1. Occupational Safety and Health for Technologists, Engineers, and Managers. Pearson Education.
Hale, A., Kirwan, B., & Kjellén, U. 2006. “Safe by Design: Where Are We Now? Safety Science.” 44(6): 551–70.
Health, World Organization. 2021. Drowning. Who.Int.
Heinrich, H. W. 1931. Industrial Accident Prevention: A Scientific Approach. McGraw-Hill.
Mansi, F., Cannone, E. S. S., Caputi, A., De Maria, L., Lella, L., Cavone, D., & Vimercati, L. 2019. Occupational Exposure on Board Fishing Vessels: Risk Assessments of Biomechanical Overload, Noise and Vibrations among Worker on Fishing Vessels in Southern Italy. Environments. MDPI.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. SAGE.
N, S. H., J, P. N., Kiran, K. G., & Kiran, N. U. 2016. “Work Related Injuries Among Fishermen – a Descriptive Study in Few Coastal Areas of South India.” Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 3(19): 803–806.
Ngaruiya, F. W., Ogendi, G. M., & Mokua, M. A. Occupational Health Risks and Hazards Among the Fisherfolk in Kampi Samaki, Lake Baringo, Kenya. Environmental Health Insights, 13.
Nuraini, D. A. 2020. “Hubungan Lingkungan Kerja, Work Permit, Faktor Manusia, Dan Kecelakaan Kerja: Pendekatan Konseptual.” Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 6(2015): 16–24.
Organization., International Labour. 2020. Safety and Health at the Heart of the Future of Work: Building on 100 Years of Experience. Geneva: ILO.
Perhubungan, Kementerian. 2018. Statistik Perhubungan Buku II 218 (H. Dharmawan & A. B. Pratomo (Eds.). Pustikom-Kementerian Perhubungan.
Pickett, J., & Hofmans, J. 2019. “Stressors, Coping Mechanisms, and Uplifts of Commercial Fishing in Alaska: A Qualitative Approach to Factors Affecting Human Performance in Extreme Environments.” Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments. 15(1): 12–18.
Prasetyo, E. H., Suroto, & Kurniawan, B. 2018. “Analisis Hira (Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment) Pada Instansi X Di Semarang.” Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, (e-Journal) 6(5): 519–28.
Rahman, I., Mallapiang, F., Fachrin, S. A., & Abbas, S. H. H. 2019. “Analisis Kesehatan Dan Keselamatan Kerja ( K3 ) Dengan Metode Hazard And Operability Study ( Hazop ). Window of Health?:” Jurnal Kesehatan, 2(1): 54–64.
Ridley, J. 2008. Health and Safety in Brief. Elsevier.
Sadondang, T. M., & Komalasari, R. 2018. “Kajian Literatur: Upaya Peningkatan Kesimbangan Tubuh Untuk Mengurangi Resiko Jatuh Pada Lanjut Usia.” Nursing Current, 6(1): 12–23.
Saha, A. 2014. “A Study Of Environmental Awareness And Knowledge Of Occupational Hazard Of Fishermen In A Remote District Of India.” Annals of Pharma Research, 2((2),): 61–65.
Sharma, A., & Sethulakshmi, C. S. “Assessment of Occupational Hazards and Usage of Sea Safety Devices by Fishers of Kerala, India Assessment of Occupational Hazards and Usage of Sea Safety Devices by Fishers.” Journal of Agromedicine, 0(0),: 1–7.
Sutrisno, H. 2019. 2. Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Di Sektor Informal. Jakarta: UI Press.
Tarwaka. 2014. 2. Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja: Manajemen Dan Implementasi K3 Di Tempat Kerja. Surakarta: Harapan Press.
Transiska, D., Nuryanti, & Taufiqurrahman. Pengaruh Ligkungan Kerja Dan Faktor Manusia Terhadap Tingkat Kecelakaan Kerja Karyawan Pada PT. Putri Midai Bangkinang Kabupaten Kampar. Jom Fekon,.
Urrohmah, D. S. 2019. “Identifikasi Bahaya Dengan Metode Hazard Identification , Risk Assessment And Risk Control ( Hirarc ) Dalam Upaya Memperkecil Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja Di Pt . Pal Indonesia.” JPTM, 8(1): 34–40.
Vinezzia, D. 2021. “Identifikasi Bahaya Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Pada Aktivitas Nelayan.” Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional, 3(1): 117–126.
Wintoko, R., Dwi, A., & Yadika, N. 2020. “Manajemen Terkini Perawatan Luka Update Wound Care Management. JK Unila,.” JK Unila 4: 183–189.
Zytoon, M. A., & Basahel, A. M. 2017. “Occupational Safety and Health Conditions Aboard Small- and Medium-Size Fishing Vessels?: Differences among Age Groups.” International Journal of Environmental Research and.
