Sistem Urban Portable Agriculture Berbasis IoT: Validasi Teknis dan Analisis Kinerja Platform Monitoring Hidroponik Berbiaya Rendah
IoT-Based Urban Portable Agriculture System: Technical Validation and Performance Analysis of a Low-Cost Hydroponic Monitoring Platform
Abstract
Pertanian perkotaan dihadapkan pada tantangan ganda, yaitu kelangkaan lahan dan tingginya biaya adopsi teknologi yang menghambat aksesibilitas bagi petani skala kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan memvalidasi kinerja teknis dari sebuah sistem Urban Portable Agriculture (UPA) berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) sebagai solusi perangkat pemantau hidroponik berbiaya rendah. Dengan menggunakan metodologi rapid prototyping, sistem hidroponik vertikal dirancang dan dibangun, terintegrasi dengan sensor pH dan kekeruhan, serta dilengkapi kontrol pencahayaan LED otomatis dan dasbor visualisasi data real-time. Validasi kinerja sistem melibatkan analisis metrik teknis dan stabilitas operasional menggunakan algoritma klasterisasi Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kinerja sistem yang andal, dengan akurasi sensor pH mencapai ±0.1 dan sensor kekeruhan ±2 NTU, serta latensi sistem end-to-end di bawah 5 detik. Analisis DBSCAN mengidentifikasi bahwa sistem beroperasi dalam kondisi stabil sebesar 86.5% dari waktu pengujian, yang menunjukkan reliabilitas operasional yang tinggi. Dengan total biaya realisasi sebesar Rp 2.000.000, prototipe ini secara signifikan lebih terjangkau dibandingkan alternatif komersial. Studi ini berhasil memvalidasi sebuah kerangka kerja teknologi yang fungsional dan terjangkau, serta berkontribusi pada konsep "graduated precision agriculture," yang sangat sesuai untuk aplikasi edukasi dan pertanian urban skala kecil di negara berkembang.
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