Risk Factors Of Chronic Energy Deficiency Among Pregnant Women In The Working Area Of Limboto Barat Health Center
Keywords:
Chronic Energy Deficiency; Age; Antenatal CareAbstract
According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women is estimated to reach 40% in 2023. The Indonesian Ministry of Health reported that in 2020, 451,350 pregnant women across 34 provinces had a Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) of less than 23.5 cm, indicating a risk of CED. This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with CED among pregnant women in the working area of Limboto Barat Public Health Center. This study used a case-control design by comparing case and control groups. The study was conducted in the working area of the Limboto Barat Public Health Center during February–March 2025. The study population consisted of all pregnant women recorded in Limboto Barat Health Center Register Book, which consist of 982 individuals. The sample included pregnant women with and without CED, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using the chi-square test. Significant associated risk factors with CED among pregnant women included maternal age (OR = 3.833, 95% CI: 2.164–6.791), ANC visits (OR = 2.346, 95% CI: 1.348–4.083), and parity (OR = 2.883, 95% CI: 1.623–5.119). Although iron tablet consumption (OR = 1.410, 95% CI: 0.819–2.428) was identified as a risk factor, it was not statistically meaningful. Economic status was also found to be a meaningful factor (OR = 2.400, 95% CI: 1.202–4.792). There is a need to enhance education and regular monitoring of the nutritional status of pregnant women, particularly among those in high-risk age groups, those with low ANC visit frequency, and those with high parity. Health centers should take a more active role in providing nutritional counseling, improving compliance with iron tablet consumption, and expanding comprehensive maternal health services to reduce the incidence of CED among pregnant women
References
Azzahra, A. S., Hamdiana, H., & Amir, S. (2025). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Gizi dan Asupan Makanan dengan Kejadian Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) pada Wanita Usia Subur di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Paccing. Syntax Idea, 7(10), 1233-1247
Azira, Nurul. (2024). Hubungan Karakteristik Status Gizi Pada Ibu Hamil Di Puskesmas Pasir Mulya Kota Bogor Tahun 2023.
JAMBI, S. K. B. (2023). HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DAN KEPATUHAN KONSUMSI TABLET FE DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL.
Muryani, N., Afrika, E., & Rahmawati, E. (2022). Hubungan Riwayat Penyakit KEK, Pola Makan, dan Hiperemesis Gravidarum dengan Kejadian Kekurangan Energi Kronik Pada Ibu Hamil Puskesmas Dana Mulya Kecamatan Pulau Rimau Kabupaten Banyuasin Tahun 2021. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 22(1), 319-324.
NUR, A. (2025). PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MAKANAN TAMBAHAN (PMT) LOKAL TERHADAP PERBAIKAN STATUS GIZI IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BANGGAE 1 MAJENE (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Sulawesi Barat).
Purnama, D. R. (2024). Gambaran Asupan Zat Gizi Mikro dan Kejadian Kurang Energi Kronik (KEK) pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sinorang dan Puskesmas Toili I, Kabupaten Banggai= Overview of Micronutrient Intake and Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in Pregnant Women in the Working Area of Sinorang Community Health Center and Toili I Community Health Center, Banggai Regency (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Hasanuddin).
Ridwan, H., Sopiah, P., Aeni, I. N., Putri, J. R., Azhar, M. R. F., Aprilia, P. B., ... & Nofelinda, S. (2024). Analisis Efektivitas Asupan Nutrisi Untuk Ibu Hamil dalam Mencegah Stunting. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(6), 6634-6643
SAMBOLANGI, D. E. (2026). Hubungan Status Sosial Ekonomi, Jarak Kehamilan dan Usia Ibu dengan Risiko Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pampang Makassar= The Relationship between Socioeconomic Status, Interpregnancy Interval, and Maternal Age with the Risk of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in Pregnant Women in Pampang Makassar Community Health Center Working Area (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Hasanuddin).
Sari, I., & Sapitri, A. (2021). Pemeriksaan status gizi pada ibu hamil sebagai upaya mendeteksi dini kurang energi kronik (KEK). Jurnal Kebidanan Indonesia, 12(1).
Prilisnia, N. Y. (2025). Determinan Kejadian Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) Pada Kehamilan Di Puskesmas Tanjung Selor Kabupaten Bulungan Provinsi Kalimantan Utara.
